Paper Title

REVIEW ON TAMOXIFEN FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

Abstract

Now days, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life- threatening cancer in women and leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize side effects.Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) widely used in the treatment and prevention of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. By competitively inhibiting estrogen from binding to its receptors in breast tissue, tamoxifen effectively slows or stops the growth of estrogen-dependent tumors. Clinical studies have demonstrated that tamoxifen significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and improves overall survival rates in patients with early-stage and metastatic breast cancer. Its role as adjuvant therapy after surgery is well established, typically prescribed for a duration of 5 to 10 years based on individual risk profiles. While generally well-tolerated, tamoxifen can cause side effects, including vasomotor symptoms, mood changes, and an increased risk of thromboembolic events and endometrial cancer. Patient adherence to the treatment regimen is critical for achieving optimal outcomes, necessitating robust patient education and support. Ongoing research aims to refine its use, explore combination therapies, and investigate its potential in other malignancies. Overall, tamoxifen remains a cornerstone in breast cancer management, significantly impacting survival and quality of life for many patients.
KEYWORDS : Tamoxifen, Breast Cancer, Estrogen Receptor Positive, Targeted Therapy.

Paper Title

REVIEW ON TREATMENT OF DIABETIC WOUND HEALING USING STATINS AS AN ETHOSOMAL CARRIER

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged high blood sugar levels, which can lead to long-term health issues. The high blood sugar environment promotes the formation of biofilms and makes diabetic wounds difficult to treat. Diabetic wounds are a major public health issue caused by inadequate blood supply, bacterial infection, high levels of oxidative stress, and abnormalities in antioxidative defenses, and there is currently no effective treatment. Nanoparticles have shown promise in addressing these challenges due to their small size, ability to be taken up by cells, low toxicity, antibacterial properties, good compatibility, and biodegradability. Ethosomes, which are ethanolic phospholipid vesicles used as nanovesicles for transdermal drug delivery, have shown higher skin penetration rates compared to other nanovesicles, likely due to their ethanolic content. This paper reviews the therapeutic potential and further perspectives of nanovessicle in the treatment of diabetic wound healing, demonstrating the promise of these nanoparticulate carriers for dermal and transdermal delivery. Data derived from both animal and human studies showed that statins especially atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin can accelerate the wound-healing process
KEYWORDS : Nanovessicles, Ethosomes, Statin, Diabetic wound healing.

Paper Title

REVIEW ON TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS BY HYDROGEL CONTAINING LETROZOLE

Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, causing pain, infertility, and other complications. Current treatments, including hormonal therapies and surgery, offer limited efficacy and often lead to recurrence or side effects. Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its ability to reduce estrogen production, a key factor in the progression of endometriosis. However, systemic administration of letrozole can lead to adverse effects. To enhance the therapeutic outcomes and minimize side effects, the development of a localized delivery system is essential. In this study, we propose a letrozole-loaded hydrogel formulation designed for sustained and targeted drug release directly to endometriotic lesions. Hydrogels, known for their biocompatibility, tunable release profiles, and ability to maintain high local drug concentrations, serve as an ideal carrier for letrozole. The hydrogel formulation was evaluated for its physical properties, drug release kinetics, and in vitro cytotoxicity against endometriotic cells. Results demonstrated a sustained release of letrozole over a prolonged period, with significant suppression of estrogen production and reduced proliferation of endometriotic cells. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the hydrogel was confirmed, with minimal toxicity to surrounding healthy tissue.
KEYWORDS : Endometriosis, treatment of endometriosis, hydrogel, endometrial injury, endometrial repair, delivery system, uterine, letrozole.

Paper Title

REVIEW ARTICLE ON BANNED DRUGS IN INDIA

Abstract

The term \"drug\" comes from the Greek word \"droughe\" meaning a herb. Drugs can have a variety of therapeutic effects, but they can also lead to side effects, known as adverse drug reactions. These reactions can be either short-term or long-term. Occasionally, even drugs that have been properly approved and tested in clinical trials can cause serious problems when given to large groups of people. The veterinary drug diclofenac has caused three species of Gyps vultures in South Asia to nearly go extinct. In response, the Indian government banned its use in May 2006. To assess how well this ban worked, we surveyed over 250 veterinary and general pharmacies across 11 Indian states between November 2007 and June 2010. During this time, we bought twelve different types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from 176 pharmacies. In September, the Indian government banned the manufacture, sale, and distribution of 328 Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) drugs after a lengthy legal struggle with manufacturers. This decision was based on a report from an expert panel appointed by the Supreme Court, which found that these drugs lacked any therapeutic value and could actually pose health risks to patients.
KEYWORDS : Drug, adverse reaction, banned drug, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, vultures.

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON ANTIDEPRESSANTS EFFECT ON HUMAN CIRCADIAN RHYTHM

Abstract

The natural body clock, or circadian rhythm, often gets disrupted in people with major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly affecting sleep patterns. This disruption is closely linked to depression, as sleep issues are not only a symptom but also a diagnostic criterion for MDD. Insomnia often appears before mood symptoms, indicating its importance in the development of depression. When sleep cycles are disturbed, it can hinder recovery and prevent a full return to well-being. Recognizing and treating sleep disturbances early on could be crucial for both managing current depression and preventing future episodes. Research highlights that certain receptors in the brain, particularly melatonergic (MT1 and MT2) and 5-HT2C serotonin receptors, play a key role in regulating circadian rhythms. Agomelatine is a new type of antidepressant that works by stimulating melatonin receptors while also blocking some serotonin receptors. This medication not only helps improve mood but also enhances sleep quality without many of the side effects associated with traditional antidepressants, such as weight gain or sexual dysfunction. These benefits make agomelatine a promising option for treating depression and supporting a full recovery.
KEYWORDS : agomelatine; circadian rhythm disturbances; major depressive disorder; recovery; remission; residual symptoms.

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON OVERALL STUDY OF KERATOSIS PILARIS

Abstract

Keratosis pilaris (KP) :a prevalent and benign dermatological condition characterized by the presence of small, rough, folliculocentric keratotic papules, typically appearing on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, and buttocks. These papules can be skin-colored or reddish and are often surrounded by mild erythema. The condition arises from an abnormal buildup of keratin, a structural protein in the skin, leading to clogged hair follicles. Although the exact etiology remains unclear, genetic predisposition is strongly implicated, with a higher prevalence observed in individuals with a family history of the condition. KP is commonly associated with other skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis, and it can be exacerbated by environmental factors, dry skin, and seasonal changes. Clinically, KP is generally asymptomatic, but some individuals may experience mild itching or discomfort. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical examination, and in most cases, a biopsy is not necessary. Treatment options focus on symptom management and may include topical exfoliants (such as alpha-hydroxy acids, urea, or salicylic acid), moisturizers, and keratolytics to help reduce keratin buildup. While treatments can improve the appearance of the skin, KP often persists and tends to resolve spontaneously over time. Despite its benign nature, keratosis pilaris can impact an individual’s quality of life, leading to concerns about cosmetic appearance. Education about the condition, its natural course, and treatment options is essential for effective management and to alleviate patient anxiety. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of KP and to explore more effective therapeutic interventions. Treatment options include topical exfoliants, moisturizers, and keratolytics, although KP typically resolves on its own over time. The condition is often mistaken for other dermatological issues, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis and management.
KEYWORDS : 1.Atopy 2.Coiled hair 3.Keratosis pilaris 4. Steroid

Paper Title

MICROSUSPENSION: SYNTHESIS EVALUATION AND THEIR APPLICATION

Abstract

Pharmaceutical micro-suspensions are a type of drug formulation designed to improve how well poorly soluble drugs work in the body. In these formulations, tiny particles of the drug, usually between 1 and 10 micrometres in size, are mixed into a liquid to make them easier to absorb. This helps increase the drug’s effectiveness, ensure steady release, and improve its stability. These suspensions are made up of the drug itself, agents that keep the particles from clumping together, and stabilizers that help the particles stay evenly mixed. Several methods, such as grinding the drug into smaller particles or using high pressure, are used to create micro-suspensions. These drug formulations can be used in different ways, including oral medicines, injections, skin treatments, and eye drops. However, keeping the particle size stable and preventing the particles from settling out of the liquid over time can be challenging. Looking ahead, researchers are exploring new technologies, such as Nano suspensions (with even smaller particles), to further enhance drug delivery. Micro-suspensions are becoming increasingly important for delivering drugs that don’t dissolve well in water, making them more effective and easier for the body to use. Pharmaceutical micro-suspensions are a special way to deliver drugs that don’t dissolve well in water. In these, the drug is broken down into tiny particles and mixed into a liquid to help it absorb better in the body, making it more effective. These suspensions are made up of the drug itself, plus extra ingredients that stop the particles from clumping or settling at the bottom. The goal is to keep the particles evenly spread out so the drug works as it should. There are several methods to create micro-suspensions, such as grinding the drug into smaller particles or using pressure to break them apart. These mixtures can be used in different ways, like oral medicines, injections, creams, and eye drops. A challenge with micro-suspensions is keeping the particles stable over time, so they don’t settle or change size. In the future, scientists are looking at ways to make even smaller particles to improve drug delivery even more. In short, micro-suspensions help drugs that don’t dissolve easily to work better in the body and offer a useful solution for making medications more effective.
KEYWORDS : Definition: Micro-suspensions consist of tiny drug particles (1-10 micrometres) dispersed in a liquid medium to improve drug absorption and effectiveness. Purpose: Designed to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by increasing their surface area for dissolution. Composition : Active Drug: Poorly soluble drug particles. Suspending Agents: To keep particles dispersed. Surfactants and Stabilizers: To prevent clumping and maintain stability. Preservatives: To avoid microbial growth.

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON STATINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC WOUND HEALING

Abstract

Diabetic wounds, especially foot ulcers, are hard to heal and can lead to severe complications. Statins, drugs usually used to lower cholesterol, are now being studied for their ability to help heal these wounds. This abstract explains how statins might help, what the benefits are, and what challenges exist. Besides lowering cholesterol, statins have other useful effects. They can reduce inflammation, increase blood flow, and protect tissues from damage, all of which are important for healing wounds. In diabetic patients, wounds often heal slowly due to poor circulation and chronic inflammation. Statins can improve blood vessel function and help new blood vessels grow, which brings more oxygen and nutrients to the damaged areas. They also lower the levels of certain harmful proteins, making the wound environment better for healing. Statins are a class of drugs that lower cholesterol levels and have additional benefits like reducing inflammation and improving blood vessel function. There are several types of statins, which vary in their potency, effectiveness, and side effects. Studies show that statins can speed up wound healing, shrink the size of ulcers, and reduce the chances of infections and amputations. However, the results may depend on the type of statin, dosage, and individual differences among patients. While statins have shown promise in healing diabetic wounds, we still need to fully understand how they work and be mindful of potential side effects like liver issues or muscle problems.
KEYWORDS : Statins, diabetic wound healing, foot ulcers, inflammation, diabetic complications

Paper Title

A REVIEW OF, EVALUATION AND EFFICACY OF TRANSDERMAL PATCH OF DICLOFENAC

Abstract

The current research aims to formulate and evaluated medicated transdermal patches containing an diclofenac drug. A good penetration enhancer would improve drug delivery from various polymer based transdermal patches. Transdermal drug delivery influence consumer acceptance and marked increase in bioavailability of some drugs which undergoes hepatic first pass metabolism. it consists polymer and plasticizer, transdermal patches have different properties and different drug release. This study is on the basis of evaluate the amount to be needed for fabrication of DICLOFENAC transdermal patch. The field of transdermal drug delivery, aimed at developing safe and efficacious means of delivering medications across the skin. Transdermal patches are a non- invasive method of drug administration. It is an adhesive patch designed to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream DICLOFENAC is a nonsteroidal anti – inflammatory drug that effectively manages pain, post – extraction pain is commonly treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. All prepared formulations were tested for weight variation, thickness, drug content, moisture content. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers many advantages over conventional oral and invasive methods of drug delivery.
KEYWORDS : transdermal patch , diclofenac , topical medical patch, PVP k 30

Paper Title

A REVIEW ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS: MECHANISMS, MANAGEMENT, AND MITIGATION

Abstract

A drug is a single active chemical used in medicines for diagnosing, preventing, and treating diseases. Sometimes, drugs can cause adverse reactions, which are unexpected effects that can harm patients and lead to serious health issues. These adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can contribute significantly to illness and even death, particularly in hospitalized patients. Many ADRs can be prevented, often due to prescription errors, while others may be unavoidable and only become apparent after a drug is on the market. The occurrence of ADRs often relates to the drug\'s pharmacology and can show a dose-response relationship in susceptible individuals. ADRs can be classified into two main types: • Type A reactions are common and predictable, occurring in anyone. • Type B reactions are rare and unpredictable, affecting only those with specific vulnerabilities. Variability in how patients respond to medications can be influenced by differences in drug concentrations in the body, which is where pharmacogenomics comes in. This field studies how genetics affects individual responses to drugs, particularly for those with narrow therapeutic windows (where the difference between an effective dose and a harmful dose is small). To manage ADRs, healthcare providers may choose to withdraw the drug, reduce the dosage, provide additional treatment, or continue the current regimen without changes. It\'s crucial to address ADRs promptly and with appropriate medical expertise. To improve patient safety, better reporting and assessment methods for ADRs are necessary, and pharmaceutical companies should work to minimize the adverse effects of their drugs.
KEYWORDS : Adverse drug reaction, causalities, drug kinetics, genetic polymorphism, toxicities.

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON GOUT DISEASE AND FEBUOXASTAT DRUG

Abstract

Gouty arthritis is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints, leading to acute pain, swelling, and inflammation. It is primarily associated with hyperuricemia, which can result from increased uric acid production or decreased excretion. The condition typically manifests as recurrent episodes of acute pain, often affecting the big toe, and can lead to chronic arthritis if left untreated. Treatment focuses on two main strategies: managing acute attacks and long-term control of uric acid levels. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and corticosteroids are commonly used for acute attacks. For chronic management, urate-lowering therapies such as allopurinol or febuxostat are employed to reduce serum uric acid levels, along with lifestyle modifications like dietary changes and weight management. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial in preventing complications and improving patient outcomes. Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used primarily for the management of chronic hyperuricemia in patients with gout. Unlike allopurinol, febuxostat is a non-purine compound that effectively reduces serum uric acid levels by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for uric acid production. Clinical studies demonstrate that febuxostat significantly lowers uric acid levels and is effective in preventing gout flares. The drug is generally well-tolerated, though it may have side effects including liver function abnormalities and cardiovascular concerns. Ongoing research is examining its long-term safety profile and efficacy in specific populations.
KEYWORDS : Etiology, pathophysiology, mangement and treatment, drug profile of febuxostate

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON UPLC METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) represents a significant advancement in liquid chromatography techniques, designed to provide higher resolution, increased speed, and enhanced sensitivity for the separation of chemical compounds. By employing smaller particle sizes (typically less than 2 µm) in the stationary phase and operating at elevated pressures (up to 15,000 psi), UPLC overcomes the limitations of traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This technique is particularly advantageous for complex samples, enabling the efficient separation of closely related compounds in shorter run times, which is essential in high-throughput environments. UPLC allows for greater efficiency in solvent usage, leading to reduced environmental impact and lower operational costs. Moreover, UPLC can be integrated with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), enhancing its analytical capabilities by providing structural and quantitative information about analytes. The high resolution and sensitivity of UPLC make it a critical tool for researchers and industries requiring precise analytical methodologies in their workflows. As a result, UPLC continues to evolve, incorporating advancements in column technology and detection methods, solidifying its role in the future of analytical chemistry.
KEYWORDS : 1 Chromatography 2 Ultra-Performance 3 Liquid Chromatography 4 Separation 5 Resolution 6. Analytical Technique

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON PHARMACEUTICL MARKETING OF RABEPRAZOLE AND DOMPERIDONE

Abstract

In india pharmaceutical companies are striving to create their own presence by developing new API (Active pharmaceutical ingredient ) or designing different pharmaceutical marketing strategies to cater to the hug market of around 1.35cr population which are very diverse in nature and it should be served so systematically with minimising wastage of medicines to accelerate the production and R&D for pharma companies. Government of india is assisting lot of new initiatives to promote this new innovation in to pharrma market. In this research paper the more emphasis is given on marketing strategies devised by pharmaceutical Companies in Indian Pharrma Market which are different for different pharrma Products 1.Branded medicine 2. OTC (Over the counter Medicines) 3. Generic medicines (India is one of the leading exporter of generic medicine to rest of the World). Marketing strategies for Branded medicines are different than that of OTC Products and OTC Marketing strategies are different than that of generic Pharrma products. Different Pharrma companies have devised different marketing strategies for same segment of product to cater very diverse population of India they are like (Social media marketing via Facebook Page. YouTube, LinkedIn, twitter and many more).The findings of this paper are Pharrma industries in India has adopted traditional as well as modern marketing stratargies which invludes includes recent trends data analytic reports to analyse demand for the pharrma product in future. . In India for Branded medicines physicians are decision maker to purchase the medicines. For other products Generic and OTC (over the counter Product) different instrument of Advertisement and promotional tools are contributing a lot to increase sales of thee products In this paper marketing mix of pharrma product and other aspects has been studied with reference to Indian pharrma Industries. This research paper provides us an overview of the role of marketing strategies to Identify, Create, communicate and deliver the required input in nation’s healthcare to stand India fit and healthy. The Review paper attempts to understand the essence & concept of Pharmaceutical Marketing. It further aims to massively review the existing literature on Pharmaceutical Marketing and present the inferences. This conceptual study is completed with the help of Secondary data. It encompasses the thoughts of authors & researchers who have contributed to the Pharmaceutical Marketing domain. The Review has been categorised into studies of Marketing Mix, Consumer Behaviour towards Pharrma Products, Green Marketing approach and execution of Pharrma Marketing. The Papers & literature reviewed have been selected on Author’s convenience & judgement, which may result in the limitation for study and the inferences presented may be indicative rather exhaustive
KEYWORDS : Pharmaceutical Marketing ,rabeprazole sodium and domperidon marketing ,marketing strategies, product brand.

Paper Title

REVIEW OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERIC INSULIN MICRONEEDLE

Abstract

Here’s a concise abstract for biodegradable polymeric insulin: \"Biodegradable polymeric insulin represents a novel approach in diabetes management by offering a controlled and sustained release of insulin. This system involves encapsulating insulin within biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), which protect insulin from degradation while facilitating gradual release. The biodegradable nature of the polymers ensures that the system breaks down into non-toxic byproducts, eliminating the need for surgical removal. Such systems have the potential to improve patient compliance, reduce the frequency of injections, and maintain stable blood glucose levels, thus enhancing therapeutic outcomes for diabetes patients. This approach also opens avenues for future developments in drug delivery systems that aim to optimize therapeutic efficiency and patient convenience.\" This abstract provides a high-level summary of the subject, emphasizing key points. Let me know if you\'d like to expand or focus on any specific aspect! Here’s a detailed abstract for biodegradable polymeric insulin delivered via microneedles: \"Biodegradable Polymeric Insulin Delivery via Microneedles: A Novel Approach for Diabetes Management The development of biodegradable polymeric microneedles for insulin delivery offers a promising alternative to traditional subcutaneous insulin injections. This innovative system combines the advantages of microneedle technology and biodegradable polymers to achieve painless, controlled, and sustained insulin release. Microneedles, typically fabricated from biocompatible and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polylactic acid (PLA), or chitosan, are designed to penetrate the outer layer of the skin without reaching the pain receptors, thus providing a minimally invasive and user-friendly method for insulin administration. Insulin is encapsulated within the biodegradable polymer matrix, where the degradation of the polymer facilitates a controlled release of insulin over time. This approach ensures the protection of insulin from premature degradation and provides a sustained release profile, which can significantly reduce the frequency of administration and improve patient compliance. The polymeric microneedles dissolve naturally after delivering the drug, leaving no residual materials in the body, and the polymers break down into non
KEYWORDS : 1.Biodegradable microneedles, 2. Polymeric insulin delivery, 3. Transdermal insulin, elivery, 4. Microneedle drug delivery, 5. Sustained insulin release

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON ULTRASONIC SOUND TESTING: A KEY TO NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION

Abstract

The manufacturing of prototype components using ENEA\'s patented technologies, PBC (Pre-Brazed Casting) and HRP (Hot Radial Pressing), has been successfully completed as part of contracts with EFDA. The thermal fatigue tests conducted at the FE200 facility (200 kW electron beam facility in CEA/AREVA, France) showed outstanding results, exceeding the ITER requirements. These tests involved subjecting the components to high heat loads, with 3,000 cycles at 10 MW/m² for 10 seconds on both CFC (carbon fiber composite) and tungsten parts, followed by 2,000 cycles at 20/15 MW/m² for 10 seconds on the CFC/w tungsten parts. The results indicate that the technologies developed are strong candidates for producing monoblock divertor components for fusion reactors. To achieve these successful results, a reliable non-destructive testing (NDT) procedure was established. The chosen method, ultrasonic water gap technique, was selected for its reliability and applicability throughout the entire manufacturing process. This technique can effectively detect defects and assess their size and location, thanks to the design and assembly of specialized ultrasonic equipment. ENEA developed specific software that provides all necessary information regarding the testing results. Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a non-destructive testing method that uses high-frequency sound waves, typically between 0.5 and 15 MHz, to inspect materials and components for defects. This technique is widely used in mechanical engineering due to its versatility and effectiveness in various applications. Despite its advantages, improving the efficiency of ultrasonic testing techniques remains a challenge for researchers and practitioners. They are continuously seeking better ways to identify and locate defects in a wide range of mechanical components, from metals to polymers and ceramics. The fundamental applications of ultrasonic testing cover a broad spectrum, including metals, non-metals, ceramics, polymers, and concrete. The future of ultrasonic testing in mechanical engineering looks promising, with ongoing developments aimed at enhancing its capabilities. These advancements may include improved detection techniques, better equipment, and innovative software solutions, making ultrasonic testing an even more valuable tool for ensuring the safety and integrity of engineering components.
KEYWORDS : ultrasonic test, Non-Destructive Teting, Carbon Fiber Reinforced plastic

Paper Title

REVIEW ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS DISEASE

Abstract

Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting many people of the world now a days. Psoriasis is Principally an immunological T lymphocyte-driven disease, relating both the distinctive and T-cell-mediated immune Systems. The mostly affected sites comprise the scalp, extensor surfaces of the knees and elbows, umbilicus, genitalia, Anterior lower legs and nails. Psoriasis (PsO) is a common, systemic, chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by key clinical symptoms, including itching, pain, and scaling. PsO is associated with a high prevalence of comorbidities, including other autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Smoking, obesity, metabolic Syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes And reduced physical activity are associated With psoriasis, increasing cardiovascular risk. Epidemiologically there are about 125million peoples affected around the world and 10million cases in India are observed annually. Basically many effective therapies are available to manage the symptoms of psoriasis which include topical, systemic, biological, natural herbs as well as phototherapy and combination therapy. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by plaque, inverse, guttate, pustular, and erythrodermic variants. This review focuses on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous psoriasis. Psoriasis is a rather common inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by the appearance of red scaly. Plaques and may affect any part of the body. There are certain factors that make psoriasis a challenge for physicians, these include: high Prevalence, disability, chronicity, disfiguration, and associated comorbidities. The approach to the management of Psoriatic patients should Also take into account the dermatological clinical features. In African American Population purplish coloured patches with grey scales on very dark skin have been reported. There is no Cure for psoriasis, but treatment can significantly reduce symptom, even in severe cases. A treatment Regime is curated by the physician keeping in mind the area of the rash, age, overall health and other Factors. Retinoid and steroids in the type of creams, ointments, gels etc. are prescribed. Various treatments are also available for patients with modest to severe psoriasis.
KEYWORDS : Psoriasis, Investigation, Pustular, Stress ,Reduction, Lifestyle changes, diagnosis; general practice, primary care, Cardiovascular risk, Comorbidities, Biologic treatments, T-Lymphocytes, Treatment, Patient Counseling.

Paper Title

OVERVIEW ON ACUTE SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

Abstract

Acute septic arthritis is a severe condition with high morbidity and mortality rates, necessitating early detection, intensive antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention. Gonococcal arthritis, on the other hand, has a low rate of complications and a high chance of regaining normal joint function. Antimicrobial therapy alone can often treat it successfully. Prosthetic joint infections require a two-stage revision procedure, and even with early detection, high morbidity and mortality rates persist. Early detection, antibiotic medication, and surgical intervention are crucial for prosthetic joint infections, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Gonococcal arthritis has low complications and regaining normal function, while antimicrobial therapy is often successful.
KEYWORDS : Synovial biopsy, synovial fluid analysis, septic arthritis, diagnosis, over diagnosis, acute septic arthritis, arthritis, infection arthritis, bacterial arthritis, native joint infection. Human immunodeficiency virus, Oligoarthritis, infection immunology, clinical immunology , arthrocentesis; Arthroscopy.

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON HEPATITIS IN GUT BRAIN AXIS AND ITS NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE

Abstract

The human gut is home to a complex community of microorganisms, known as the gut microbiome, which plays a crucial role in various aspects of our health, including development, aging, and disease. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and methods that don’t require culturing bacteria have allowed scientists to study how these microbes interact with our bodies in greater detail, moving beyond simple correlations. One significant area of interest is the communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, often referred to as the \"microbiota-gut-brain axis.\" This connection is important because it can influence brain functions and has the potential to affect the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we explore how the microbiota-gut-brain axis operates and its implications for neurodegenerative conditions. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to new ways to address these diseases. The human gut is home to a diverse group of microorganisms called the gut microbiome, which plays a vital role in our overall health, influencing everything from development to aging and disease. Thanks to advances in sequencing technologies, scientists can now study these microbes more thoroughly, looking at how they interact with our bodies rather than just observing correlations. One fascinating area of research is the link between the gut microbiome and the brain, known as the \"microbiota-gut-brain axis.\" This connection is significant because it can impact brain function and may play a role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss how the microbiota-gut-brain axis works and what it means for conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Gaining a better understanding of these interactions could open up new avenues for treatment and prevention.
KEYWORDS : Gut microbes, gut -liver -brain-axis, antibiotic, hepatic encephalopathy, neurotramitter

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON ROLE OF COCONUT IN BREST CANCER

Abstract

This paper examined the risk factors of breast cancer among women using meta-analyses. A review Of past studies was made to determine the characteristics of researches on risk factors of breast cancer Among women where most victims came from the Philippines. Breast cancer incidence is rising worldwide due to urbanized lifestyles and changes in reproductive behavior. Advances in screening, therapies, surgical techniques, and radiotherapy have improved survival rates and cosmetic outcomes. Clinical trials are investigating new therapies, and gene-expression profiling offers better personalized treatment options. Despite declining mortality, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in U.S. women. Male breast cancer is rare, and research on it is limited. Medical training on breast cancer is Insufficient, impacting early recognition and treatment. The article also reviews the pathology, diagnosis, and management of breast cancer, particularly in the UK. The traditional drug development process is hindered by high costs and lengthy timelines, making it difficult to rapidly develop affordable treatments. In response, natural products, particularly *Cocos nucifera* (coconut), have garnered attention for their therapeutic potential. Coconut water (CW), which is rich in bioactive cytokinins, has shown anti-aging, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects, suggesting its potential in cancer prevention and treatment. Lauric acid, a primary component of coconut oil, exhibits strong antimicrobial properties, which may contribute to the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases associated with microbial infections. Additionally, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has demonstrated protective effects against methotrexate-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in preclinical studies, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing inflammation markers. Bioinformatics analyses further support VCO’s anti-cancer potential, identifying key cancer-related protein targets for its active components. Collectively, these findings underscore the promise of coconut-derived products in the development of affordable, natural therapeutics for cancer and other diseases.
KEYWORDS : Coconut oil, Anti-cancer agent, Virgin coconut oil(VCO), Methotrexate, Inflamation.

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON PROGERIA AND AGING

Abstract

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, leading to the abnormal protein progerin, which accelerates aging. First described in 1886, HGPS presents symptoms like growth retardation, hair loss, and severe atherosclerosis, typically resulting in early death. Progerin disrupts nuclear integrity, causing morphological changes, genomic instability, and cellular decline, paralleling processes seen in natural aging. Studies have shown progerin’s presence in both HGPS patients and aging individuals, suggesting overlapping mechanisms. Recent bioinformatics and RNA-Seq analyses have highlighted differentially expressed genes linked to both progeria and natural aging, such as KRT8, KRT18, and IGFBP2, which may contribute to aging and disease. Additionally, epigenetic changes common to both forms of aging have been identified, underscoring their role in the aging process. Therapeutic strategies, including vitamin D3 supplementation, have shown potential in reducing progeria levels and alleviating HGPS symptoms, while possibly also slowing aging in non-HGPS individuals. HGPS and Werner Syndrome (WS) are two disorders resembling accelerated aging, with HGPS linked to LMNA mutations affecting lamin processing and DNA damage, particularly at telomeres, and WS associated with mutations in the WRN helicase gene. Both conditions share features of natural aging, such as increased DNA damage and vascular issues. While DNA damage, especially at telomeres, is crucial in these syndromes, not all LMNA mutations lead to instability. Research indicates that human aging involves two primary mechanisms: telomere shortening, leading to cellular senescence, and DNA damage, contributing to genomic instability. These mechanisms, influenced by p53 status, interact to enhance genomic instability and promote aging characteristics
KEYWORDS : 1.Human aging 2. Werner syndrome 3. Hutchinson progeria syndrome 4. Aging 5. Lamin.

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON SWEET POTATO BETA CAROTENE: A NATURAL KERATIN BOOSTER FOR SKIN HEALTH

Abstract

Sweet potatoes are rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. This nutrient is crucial for skin health as it helps maintain skin integrity, promotes cell turnover, and can improve skin texture. Serve as a natural booster for skin health, offering numerous benefits attributed to their antioxidant properties. Beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, plays a critical role in skin maintenance and repair by promoting cell turnover and protecting against oxidative stress. This review explores the mechanisms through which sweet potatoes enhance skin health, including their role in reducing inflammation, improving skin hydration, and preventing photoaging. Additionally, the bioavailability of beta-carotene from sweet potatoes and its impact on skin pigmentation and overall appearance are discussed. Evidence from clinical studies highlights the positive effects of dietary beta-carotene on skin health, suggesting that regular consumption of sweet potatoes may contribute to a healthier, more resilient complexion. The potential of sweet potatoes not only as a nutritious food source but also as a functional food for enhancing skin vitality and longevity.
KEYWORDS : Antioxidants, uv radiation, sweet potato, health benefits, skin, beta-carotene.

Paper Title

THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REPAGLINIDE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is treated with repaglinide, an anti-diabetic medication. Repaglinide is a class 2 biopharmaceutical chemical (BCS) that is lipophilic, has a short half-life of one hour, and is note very soluble in water. Orally bioavailable medications comprise only around 55%of those having a high metabolism in the first run. Repaglinide has an hourly half-life and is 56% bioavailable in the body due to first-pass metabolism. Repaglinide has a total daily dose of 16 mg, hence it needs to be taken frequently. Repaglinide transdermal patches were developed to improve drug absorption, sustain drug release, and boost patient adherence. Repaglinide transdermal patches were created to maintain medication release, enhance drug bioavailability, and increase patient compliance. By changing the grades of HPMC and the concentration of PVP K30 using the solvent casting process, several formulations were created. A number of characteristics, including thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, percentage elongation, moisture content, moisture uptake, percentage drug content, in vitro drug release, in vitro permeation, and drug excipient compatibility, were assessed for the producer formulations.
KEYWORDS : Repaglinide, type 2 diabetes, UV spectroscopy, FTIR

Paper Title

REVIEW ON THROAT CANCER

Abstract

Cancers of the mouth and throat encompass a range of malignancies affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. This abstract review the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options associated with these cancers. Key risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Symptoms often involve persistent sores, pain, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment options are tailored to the cancer\'s stage and location and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy offer new avenues for treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mouth and throat cancers and their management. Throat cancer refers to cancerous tumor that develops in throat, voice box or tonsils, it may metastasise to other tissues or organs of the body. Throat cancer is the 6 th most common type of cancer in the world. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of the disease in selected cities. A detailed survey was conducted to analyze whether the disease is associated with age factor, Gender and other risk factors. The analysis revealed that males are more affected than females and it is more prevalent in adults of age group above 40 years. Individuals having multiple habits are at greater risk of developing throat cancer. Hence it can be concluded that throat cancer is common in elderly individuals who smoke and drink alcohol. Avoidause and smoking will be a milestone to reduce the incidence of throat cancers and associated mortality. Medical applications in Machine Learning (ML) algorithms is well-being state on analyzing the different attributes that have a high impact on getting illness. Cancer is one amoungof the human disease where researchers are still struggling for the complete cureness and it is also unpredictable. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease and its treatment varies from one type to another and can inculcate different phases. Throat cancer is a tumor that spreads throughout the voice box (larynx), tonsils, or throat (pharynx). In the initial stage, it is actively recommended to diagnose throat cancer and get proper medication. Deep Learning (DL) image processing techniques and ML techniques are used to effectively predict the throat cancer specifically for the supervised learning classification algorithms. This paper reviewed theML and DLbased researchactivities undertaken to classify cancer of the throat cancer.
KEYWORDS : introduction , treatment, diagnosis, drug(bleomysin sulfate).

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON OVERALL STUDY TO DEVELOP ANTI STRETCH MARKS

Abstract

Striae distensae, or stretch marks, are common skin changes that mainly affect women. While they\'re not harmful, they can cause both physical discomfort and emotional distress. Stretch marks are one of the most common and harmless skin issues people face, especially in cosmetic contexts Stretch marks, or striae, are indented lines that typically appear on areas like he abdomen, buttocks, thighs, back, breasts, armpits, and groin. skin fibers and the presence of receptors for sex hormones. Changes in the outer layer of the skin often happen later. To help prevent stretch marks, using topical creams, ointments, and oils can be effective.Recent research suggests that topical formulations containing allicin (a compound found in garlic) and probiotics might be effective for both treating and preventing stretch marks. Both allicin and probiotics have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce the skin\'s inflammatory response. They work by suppressing a key transcription factor (NF-κB) and lowering the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Allicin and probiotics show promise in treating and preventing seborrheic dermatitis (SD) thanks to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-regulating properties. Both ingredients help reduce inflammation by inhibiting a key factor called NF-κB and lowering levels of inflammatory substances. They also combat oxidative stress, protecting collagen from damage. Their benefits for skin elasticity and hydration make them strong candidates for managing SD. Combining allicin and probiotics in a formulation could be an innovative way to address this condition. The goal of this study is to create an anti-stretch mark gel that includes Centella asiatica, also known as Gotu kola, to help reduce the appearance of stretch marks. Centella asiatica is a well-known medicinal herb that\'s been used for centuries, especially in traditional Eastern medicine, and it\'s gaining popularity in Western countries as well. This herb has a rich variety of natural compounds that make it effective for treating different health issues, particularly in skincare, where it\'s often used to manage stretch marks. Coconut, scientifically known as Cocos nucifera, is a versatile tree that thrives in salty coastal areas around the world. Coconut oil is particularly beneficial for skin health; it has antifungal and antibacterial properties and helps support the immune system. Additionally, it can reduce inflammation, promote wound healing, and protect the skin Almond oil, derived from almonds (Oleum amygdalae), has been used in alternative medicine for its many health benefits. While there\'s no definitive scientific proof yet, almond oil is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to boost the immune system. It\'s packed with important nutrients and is commonly used in both cooking and cosmetics.
KEYWORDS : :Pregnancy, Disease, Skin, Body, Centellasiatica, Triterpenoid, Saponins, immunomodulator, Oleum, Amygdalae, Ghritkumari , Rigvedic, CocosNusifeera, Striaedistense.

Paper Title

A REVIEW OF MASS SPECTROMETRY: NEW TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, often diagnosed at an advanced stage, which significantly limits treatment options and overall survival. Therapy typically involves a multimodal approach, including surgical intervention, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Surgical options, such as the Whipple procedure, are primarily considered for resectable tumors, while chemotherapy regimens, like FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine-based therapies, are standard for both adjuvant and palliative settings. Radiation therapy is frequently combined with chemotherapy to enhance treatment efficacy. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies are emerging as promising options, particularly for patients with specific gen. The toxicity of any drug against normal cells is a health hazard for all humans. At present, health and disease researchers from all over the world are trying to synthesize designer drugs with diminished toxicity and side effects. The purpose of the present study is to enhance the bioavailability and biocompatibility of gemcitabine (GEM) by decreasing its toxicity and reducing deamination during drug delivery by incorporating it inside the hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) without affecting the drug ability of the parent compound (GEM). The newly synthesized inclusion complex (IC) was characterized by different physical and spectroscopic techniques, thereby confirming the successful incorporation of the GEM molecule into the nanocage of β-CD. The molecular docking study revealed the orientation of the GEM molecule into the β-CD cavity (−5.40 kcal/mol) to be stably posed for ligand binding. Photostability studies confirmed that the inclusion of GEM using β-CD could lead to better stabilization of GEM (≥96%) for further optical and clinical applications. IC (GEM-β-CD) and GEM exhibited effective antibacterial and antiproliferative activities without being metabolized in a dose-dependent manner. The CT-DNA analysis showed sufficiently strong IC (GEM-β-CD) binding (Ka = 8.1575 × 1010), and this interaction suggests that IC (GEM-β-CD) may possibly exert its biological effects by targeting nucleic acids in the host cell. The newly synthesized biologically active IC (GEM-β-CD), a derivative of GEM, has pharmaceutical development potentiality.
KEYWORDS : Pancreatic Cancer, Surgery, Whipple Procedure, Chemotherapy, FOLFIRINOX, Gemcitabine,Radiation Therapy, Clinical Trials.

Paper Title

OVERVIEW STUDY OF NEUTRACEUTICALS AND FORMULATION CHALLENGES

Abstract

Nutraceuticals, derived from the fusion of “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical,” represent a class of bioactive compounds and functional foods that offer therapeutic and preventive health benefits beyond basic nutrition. As the global demand for natural health products rises, nutraceuticals are gaining prominence due to their potential role in preventing chronic diseases, enhancing immunity, and improving overall well-being. This review explores the diverse classifications of nutraceuticals, including dietary supplements, functional foods, and bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, probiotics, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids. It also discusses their mechanisms of action, highlighting their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Despite the growing market and increasing consumer interest, challenges remain regarding the regulation, efficacy, and safety of nutraceuticals. Issues such as variable bioavailability, inconsistent quality, and the lack of large-scale clinical trials complicate their integration into mainstream healthcare. This paper also explores emerging trends in the field, including innovations in delivery systems and the development of personalized nutraceuticals. Addressing these challenges will be critical in unlocking the full therapeutic potential of
KEYWORDS : neutracutical probiotic

Paper Title

NANO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease, which means that your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake, causing inflammation (painful swelling) in the affected parts of the body.RA mainly attacks the joints, usually many joints at once. RA commonly affects joints in the hands, wrists, and knees. In a joint with RA, the lining of the joint becomes inflamed, causing damage to joint tissue. This tissue damage can cause long-lasting or chronic pain, unsteadiness (lack of balance), and deformity (misshapenness).RA can also affect other tissues throughout the body and cause problems in organs such as the lungs, heart and eyes.
KEYWORDS :

Paper Title

A REVIEW OF MUCORMYCOSIS: A DEADLY BLACK FUNGUS INFECTION AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS IN INDIA

Abstract

In early 2021, the second wave of COVID-19 caused massive chaos in India. As daily infection rates soared, the number of severe cases rose dramatically. The country faced a shortage of healthcare resources, with high demand for hospital beds, medications, vaccines, and oxygen. Amid this crisis, there was a sudden increase in cases of mucormycosis, a serious fungal infection affecting COVID-19 patients. The most common type seen is the rhino-orbital-cerebral form. Many of these patients had diabetes, a condition that increases the risk of this infection, especially when treated with corticosteroids for COVID-19. This combination can weaken the immune system, making patients more vulnerable to secondary infections. As new information about this dangerous infection emerges during the pandemic, prevention focuses on managing existing health conditions in high-risk individuals. Recommended treatments include surgery to remove infected tissue and antifungal medications like Amphotericin B and certain azoles. Several guidelines specific to India have been created to help diagnose the infection, understand its symptoms, and monitor its progression. One of the most comprehensive guidelines, called \"Code Mucor,\" suggests a straightforward staging system for the rhino-orbital-cerebral form. A dedicated registry for tracking these cases has also been started. This review aims to analyze the latest evidence and guidelines regarding COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in India.
KEYWORDS :

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON COVID 19

Abstract

The coronavirus disease, known as COVID-19, is caused by a new virus called SARS-CoV-2, which first appeared in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. This virus is part of a family that often leads to respiratory illnesses in both humans and animals. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus with spike proteins on its surface that attach to ACE2 receptors on human cells, allowing it to enter the body and cause infection. The symptoms of COVID-19 vary widely. Some people show no symptoms at all, while others experience severe illness. Common signs include fever, dry cough, fatigue, loss of taste or smell, and difficulty breathing. In more serious cases, it can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, organ failure, and even death, particularly in older adults and those with preexisting conditions like heart disease, diabetes, or lung problems. The creation of COVID-19 vaccines was a significant step in managing the pandemic. Various vaccines, including mRNA types (such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna), viral vector vaccines (like AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson), and inactivated virus vaccines (such as Sinopharm and Sinovac), were approved for emergency use. These vaccines have helped reduce the severity of the disease, as well as hospitalizations and deaths, although some people still got infected, especially with the arrival of highly contagious variants like Delta and Omicron. COVID-19 has had a massive impact worldwide. Economically, it caused businesses to close, led to job losses, and disrupted supply chains. Socially, it changed the way people interact, work, and access healthcare. Schools moved to online learning, and healthcare systems were overwhelmed, particularly during spikes in cases. The pandemic also had a psychological effect, increasing feelings of isolation, fear, and uncertainty, which contributed to a rise in mental health issues.
KEYWORDS : COVID 19, Epidemic, Lockdown, Vaccine, Immunity

Paper Title

REVIEW ARTICLE ON DIABETIC WOUND HEALING, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Abstract

Diabetic wound healing presents significant challenges due to the physiological and metabolic changes associated with diabetes mellitus. Impaired angiogenesis, neuropathy, and a compromised immune response contribute to delayed healing processes in diabetic patients. The pathophysiology involves altered inflammatory responses, reduced growth factor signaling, and impaired collagen synthesis, leading to chronic wounds. Advanced therapeutic strategies, including bioengineered dressings, growth factor therapies, and stem cell applications, are being explored to enhance healing. optimizing glycemic control and applying multidisciplinary approaches in wound management are crucial for improving outcomes in diabetic patients.
KEYWORDS : Diabetic Wound Healing, Diabetes Mellitus, Impaired Healing, Angiogenesis, Neuropathy, Immune Response ,Inflammatory Response.

Paper Title

REVIEW ARTICLE ON ANTI-ULCER AGENTS

Abstract

Antiulcer agents are pharmacological compounds designed to prevent or treat ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the stomach and duodenum. These agents function through various mechanisms, including reducing gastric acid secretion, enhancing mucosal defence, and promoting healing of the gastric lining. Common classes of antiulcer medications include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor antagonists, antacids, and mucosal protectants. Recent research has also explored the role of herbal and natural products in antiulcer therapy, highlighting their potential efficacy and safety profiles. Understanding the mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects of these agents is crucial for effective management of peptic ulcer disease and improving patient outcomes.
KEYWORDS :

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CARBAMAZEPINE

Abstract

The challenge of poor aqueous solubility in drug development significantly impacts bioavailability, therapeutic effects, and dosage levels, with up to 70-90% of drug candidates, particularly BCS Class-II drugs, facing solubility issues. These drugs are characterized by low solubility but high permeability. Various methods for enhancing solubility have been explored. Physical and chemical approaches include particle size reduction, solid dispersion, supercritical fluid technology, inclusion complex formation, pH modification, and the use of co-solvents. Nanotechnological approaches such as liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, and metal-organic frameworks also improve solubility and bioavailability. Newer technologies, including microemulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, and supercritical fluid technology, have shown potential in enhancing solubility. Solid dispersions are particularly noted for increasing the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by improving wettability and porosity, though large-scale reproducibility remains a challenge, and no universal solution has been identified, necessitating further research. The review also highlights carbamazepine (CBZ) as a case study, summarizing various methods that have successfully improved its solubility and bioavailability in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The importance of solubility in achieving therapeutic effects across different administration routes is also emphasized.
KEYWORDS : Carbamazepine, Solubility, Dissolution, Crystallization, Solubilization techniques, BCS classification

Paper Title

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON MUCORMYCOSIS: A CHALLENGING AND DEADLY DISEASE IN COVID 19

Abstract

Patients with respiratory viral infections, like COVID-19, are at a higher risk of developing co-infections, which can lead to increased fatality rates. One significant concern is mucormycosis, a serious fungal infection caused by fungi from the Mucorales group. This condition poses a \"double threat\" during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Mucormycosis often begins in the sinuses (39% of cases), lungs (24%), or skin (19%), and can spread to other areas in about 23% of cases. Unfortunately, the mortality rate for disseminated mucormycosis is extremely high, reaching 96%. Symptoms are typically nonspecific and can mimic those of other bacterial or fungal infections, making diagnosis challenging. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) have been reported in various countries, including the USA, Turkey, France, Mexico, Iran, Austria, the UK, Brazil, and Italy. However, India has emerged as a hotspot, with around 28,252 cases reported by June 8, 2021. CAM typically strikes patients 12 to 18 days after they recover from COVID-19, and around 80% of those affected may require surgery. If diagnosis and treatment are delayed, the mortality rate can soar to 94%. In some cases, COVID-19 is the only identifiable risk factor for developing CAM. This information underscores the need for healthcare professionals and researchers to focus on mucormycosis, aiming to bridge the gap between clinical knowledge and potential treatments for this opportunistic fungal infection. Evolution: Mucormycosis is rare but life threatening infection affecting less than 1.7/million population each year. First case of mucormycosis was described by Friedrich Kuchenmeister in 1855 [8]. Furbringer first described the disease in lungs in 1876.In 1884, Lichtheim established the development of the disease in rabbits and described two species which later known as Lichtheimia and Rhizopus.
KEYWORDS : Mucormycosis, Types, Treatments, Black fungus Mucorales Mucormycosis COVID-19 DKA Angioinvasion Liposomal amphotericin B, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (CAM), hyperglycemia, Covid 19, Pandemic, Epidemic, Diabetes, Mechanism, Classification, Histology.

Paper Title

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON NANOSPONGES FOR DRUG DELIVERY

Abstract

Nanosponges are a new advancement in nanotechnology that help improve the way drugs are delivered in the body. They are tiny, sponge-like particles that can hold and release medicines in a controlled and predictable way. This makes them useful for overcoming common problems like drug toxicity, poor absorption, and unpredictable drug release. Nanosponges have a porous structure, meaning they have tiny holes that can trap both water-soluble (hydrophilic) and fat-soluble (hydrophobic) drugs. Once inside the body, they circulate until they reach the target area, where they stick to the surface and slowly release the drug. These nanosponges are made by linking cyclodextrin (a type of sugar molecule) with crosslinkers, creating their sponge-like structure. They are versatile and can be used for delivering drugs in different forms, like oral, topical, or injectable medications. They can also be used to deliver proteins, enzymes, vaccines, and antibodies, making them a promising tool for future medicine. Targeted drug delivery systems have been a goal for a long time, but developing them has been difficult due to the complex chemistry involved. Nanosponges are a major breakthrough in solving this challenge. These are tiny sponges, about the size of a virus, that can carry different types of drugs. Nanosponges can move through the body until they find the target area. Once there, they stick to the surface and slowly release the drug in a controlled way. This makes the treatment more effective because the drug is delivered directly to the target area, instead of spreading throughout the whole body. Another advantage of nanosponges is that they dissolve well in water, making them especially useful for drugs that don’t dissolve easily. This makes nanosponges a promising tool for improving how medicines work. Developing targeted drug delivery systems has been challenging because of the complex chemical processes involved. Nanosponges, a new type of drug delivery system, offer a solution to problems like drug toxicity, poor bioavailability (how well the drug is absorbed in the body), and uncontrolled drug release. Nanosponges can work with both water-loving (hydrophilic) and fat-loving (hydrophobic) drugs, making them very versatile. Nanosponges are very small and have a three-dimensional structure with tiny pores. They are made by linking cyclodextrins (a type of sugar) with other compounds. Cyclodextrins are safe, stable, and work well in the body, which is why many drug delivery systems are based on them.
KEYWORDS : Nanosponges, Cyclodextrin, Nanocarrier, Novel, Bioavailability, Solubility, Enhancement, Target drug delivery system.

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON NANOEMULSIONS EXPLAINED: TECHNIQUES, BENEFITS, AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are tiny mixtures of two liquids that normally don’t mix, like oil and water. They can either have water droplets in oil (W/O) or oil droplets in water (O/W), and they’re stabilized by special substances called surfactants that help keep them from separating. These ultrafine dispersions have unique properties that make them useful for various applications, especially in drug delivery. Despite their potential, there’s still limited knowledge about how to develop, manufacture, and manipulate nanoemulsions. This is partly because traditional methods of making and stabilizing emulsions don’t fully apply to nanoemulsions. This gap in understanding is what this review aims to address. We will dive into the details of different components used in nanoemulsions, the techniques for making them, the conditions needed for production, and how they behave structurally. We’ll also discuss how they can break down (destabilization mechanisms) and their applications in delivering drugs. Our goal is to spark interest among those looking to explore this exciting area of research.
KEYWORDS : Emulsion, Micro emulsion, Nano emulsion, Surface tension, Zeta potential.

Paper Title

A REVIEW OF NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Abstract

In the last four decades, nanotechnology has gained momentum with no sign of slowingdown. The application of inventions or products from nanotechnology has revolutionised all aspectsof everyday life ranging from medical applications to its impact on the food industry. Nanoparticleshave made it possible to significantly extend the shelf lives of food product, improve intracellulardelivery of hydrophobic drugs and improve the efficacy of specific therapeutics such as anticanceragents. As a consequence, nanotechnology has not only impacted the global standard of living but hasalso impacted the global economy. In this review, the characteristics of nanoparticles that confers themwith suitable and potentially toxic biological effects, as well as their applications in different biologicalfields and nanoparticle-based drugs and delivery systems in biomedicine including nano-based drugscurrently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are discussed. The possibleconsequence of continuous exposure to nanoparticles due to the increased use of nanotechnology and possible solution is also highlighted.
KEYWORDS : Target drug delivery, Nanocarriers, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Nanomedicine, Smart drug delivery

Paper Title

A REVIEW ON QUALITY BY DESIGN IN PHARMACY

Abstract

The concept of Quality by Design reflects current global regulatory thinking related to pharmaceutical product. The pharmaceutical industry needs to improves its performance. Newer technologies need to be implemented that can effectively reduce the cost and, at the same time, improves quality of product. Quality by design (QbD) is the good solution to build quality in all pharmaceutical products. Quality by Design (QbD) has become a new concept for development of quality pharmaceutical product, It is an essential part of the modern approach to pharmaceutical quality, QbD is a good solution to build a quality in all pharmaceutical products.
KEYWORDS :

Paper Title

SNAKE VENOM AND ANTI-POISON THERAPIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This review explores the diverse applications of snake venom-derived compounds in the field of medicine. We delve into the therapeutic potential of these compounds in areas such as analgesia, anti- inflammation, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer therapy. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of snake venom-based therapeutics, including the need for standardized venom sources, advanced research methodologies, and robust regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, we examine the emerging technologies and approaches that hold promise for accelerating the discovery and development of snake venom-derived drugs. These include artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology. In conclusion, snake venom research represents a rich and promising field with the potential to yield innovative therapeutic solutions. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on emerging opportunities, we can harness the power of snake venom to improve human health and well-being.
KEYWORDS : snake venom, anti-poison therapies, medicinal properties, venom composition.

Paper Title

“A REVIEW ON HYPERTENSION IMPROVEMENT RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FOR PHYSICIANS AND LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION FOR PATIENTS”

Abstract

Despite widely publicized hypertension treatment guidelines for physicians and lifestyle recommendations for patients, blood pressure control rates remain low. In community-based primary care clinics, we performed a nested, 22 randomized, controlled trial of physician intervention versus control and/or patient intervention versus control. Physician intervention included internet-based training, self-monitoring, and quarterly feedback reports. Patient intervention included 20 weekly group sessions followed by 12 monthly telephone counselling contacts and focused on weight loss, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern, exercise, and reduced sodium intake. The primary outcome was change in systolic blood pressure at 6 months. Eight primary care practices (32 physicians) were randomized to physician intervention or control groups. Within those practices, 574 patients were randomized to patient intervention or control groups. Patient mean age was 60 years, 61% were women, and 37% were black. Blood pressure data were available for 91% of patients at 6 months. The main effect of physician intervention on systolic blood pressure at 6 months, adjusted for baseline pressure, was 0.3 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.2; P0.72). The main effect of the patient intervention was 2.6 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.4 to 0.7; P0.01). The interaction of the 2 interventions was significant (P0.03); the largest impact was observed with the combination of physician and patient intervention (9.712.7 mm Hg). Differences between treatment groups did not persist at 18 months. Combined physician and patient interventions lowers blood pressure; future research should focus on enhancing effectiveness and sustainability of these interventions
KEYWORDS : Hypertension, Blood pressure, Behavioral intervention, Quality improvement, Lifestyle, DASH dietary pattern.

Paper Title

HOLISTIC APPROCHES TO CARDIAC ARREST RECOVERY: THE ROLE OF YOGA ASANAS, PRANAYAMA AND MUDRAS

Abstract

The benefits of yoga asanas, pranayama, and mudras for individuals recuperating from cardiac arrest or with cardiovascular illness are examined in this study. Over the course of 12 weeks, a group of cardiac patients performed particular yoga asanas, pranayamas, and mudras under the guidance of a trained instructor. Cardiovascular function and stress levels were assessed both before and after the intervention. Along with notable reductions in stress and anxiety, the patients\' blood pressure, heart rate variability, and general cardiovascular function also improved. As a supplementary therapy, yoga asanas, pranayama, and mudras can help cardiac patients\' emotional and cardiovascular well-being. People recovering from cardiac events and myocardial infarctions can greatly enhance their quality of life and heart health by including yoga into cardiac rehabilitation programs.
KEYWORDS : Yoga asanas, Pranayama, Mudras, cardiac arrest, Cardiovascular diseases, Stress, Anxiety, Myocardial infraction.

Paper Title

A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE ILL EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION ON ADOLESCENTS FROM SELECTED URBAN AND RURAL TEACHING INSTITUTES OF INDORE (M.P.)

Abstract

Social media addiction can cause serious social and psychological issues, affecting individuals\' lives due to excessive and uncontrolled use. It is prevalent among all age groups, leading to changes in personal and social behavior. Addiction is often linked to depression and poor emotional regulation. Research shows that internet addiction negatively impacts students\' learning motivation, contributes to academic delays, and affects adolescents\' overall well-being. It also leads to reduced social support, communication difficulties, and emotional deregulation, making it a significant public health concern.
KEYWORDS : ill effects, social media, addiction, adolescents, rural urban and teaching institutes.

Paper Title

A PRE-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INFORMATION BOOKLET ON LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION IN ENHANCING KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PREVENTION OF PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE AMONG MIDDLE-AGED INDIVIDUALS IN A SELECTED HOSPITAL OF GANDHINAGAR DISTRICT, GUJARAT.

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease also called heart disease is a class of diseases that involve the heart, the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) or both. Cardiovascular. cardiovascular mortality rates have declined in many high-income countries. Cardiovascular disease remains a significant public health concern, but proactive prevention strategies can help reduce its prevalence. By focusing on lifestyle modifications and early intervention, individuals and healthcare systems can work together to combat this growing health challenge.
KEYWORDS : Peripheral Vascular Disease, Lifestyle Modification, Middle Age Person, Self Structured Questionnaire

Paper Title

THE ROLE OF NURSES IN COMBATING FEMALE FOETICIDE IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS

Abstract

Female foeticide, the selective abortion of female foetuses, remains a critical issue in India, where deep-rooted gender bias prevails. This unethical practice has severe social, demographic, and health implications. Obstetric and gynaecologic (OB-GYN) nurses play a crucial role in preventing female foeticide through patient education, ethical counselling, and community advocacy. This paper explores the causes and consequences of female foeticide in India, the role of nurses in combating this practice, and the challenges they face in ensuring gender equality and ethical maternal care.
KEYWORDS :

Paper Title

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLANUM XANTHOCARPUM NANO-SUSPENSION: IN VITRO EVALUATION AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE STUDY IN VPA-INDUCED RATS

Abstract

The study aims to assess the hepatoprotective impact of methanolic stem extract from Solanum xanthocarpum in rats that have been treated with VPA. The extract was made using Soxhlet\'s apparatus, and PVA stabilizer was used to create a nanosuspension utilizing a precipitation method. Extract and Nanosuspension formulation had characterize by different analytical methods like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential and Particle size distribution, Differential scanning calorimeter and XRD. Hepatoprotective effects have been studied by performing in-vitro and in-vivo. In vitro Human hepatoblastoma cells line activity. IC50 determination, MTT cell proliferation assay, Microscopy observations and Statistical analysis. Animal study in five groups, Normal, Induced by VPA (500 mg/kg), VPA+STD- silymarin group: (500 mg/kg + 100 mg/kg p.o), VPA+ Extract group: (500 mg/kg + 300 mg/kg) and VPA+ Nanosuspension group: (500 mg/kg + Nanosuspension). After animal study examine like liver weight, biochemical analysis, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and histopathology.
KEYWORDS :

Paper Title

IMPACT OF HEAVY METALS CADMIUM SULPHATE AND MERCURY SULPHATE ON CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN ESTUARINE CRAB SCYLLA SERRATA

Abstract

In present investigation the estuarine crab Scylla serrata exposed to cadmium sulphate and mercury sulphate (17.2mg/L, 6 mg/L) for the up to 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hrs respectively. The carbohydrate content was estimated in the different tissue of Scylla serrata such as hepatopancreas muscle, chelate legs gills and heart. There was significant depletion in carbohydrate content in different organ of crab Scylla serrata. The depletion is maximum in hepatopancreas followed by muscle, chelate legs and gills as hepatopancreas was supported to store glucose and to utilize it for energy production to counter of the heavy metals. The reduction of carbohydrate in muscle also supported that glycogen was utilized first from hepatopancreas and then from muscle. These heavy metals damage gills as well as decreased glycogen contents such damage affect their efficiency and result in tissue hypoxia and elevated blood glucose as an anaerobic energy source. The carbohydrates are energy rich compound in stress condition to meet energy demand, in crab carbohydrate content is minor percentage of total biochemical composition. The decrease in glycogen in tissue also suggested the impairment may involve shift of the equilibrium of inter conversion of glycogen, lactic acid and glucose toward the enhanced mobilization of store polysaccharide through anaerobic glycolysis to lactic acid.
KEYWORDS : Scylla serrata, Carbohydrate, cadmium sulphate, Mercuric sulphate