Paper Title

EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF HATHA YOGA AS A STRESS REDUCTION TECHNIQUE IN POSTGRADUATE NURSING EDUCATION IN KERALA

Abstract

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Hathayoga in reducing academic stress among postgraduate nursing students in selected nursing colleges in Kerala. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was employed. A quantitative approach was used with true experimental design. Simple random sampling via lottery method was adopted in this study. The tool consisted of Perceived Stress Scale and Study Skill Inventory. A total of postgraduate nursing students was selected through purposive sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group practiced Hathayoga, while the control group followed their routine activities. The Academic Stress Scale was used to measure stress levels before and after the intervention. The therapeutic benefits of yoga are well-documented, yet the specific effects of different yoga practices on stress reduction in healthy populations remain underexplored. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of various yoga types on stress levels in non-clinical populations and evaluate the evidence systematically. Yoga therapy was administered to experimental group for a period of 30 days while the control group was set free to adopt their original life style. It also stated that there was no association between stress and concentration with the selected demographic variables. Yoga therapy was an effective intervention for improving concentration and reducing stress of students of any age group.
KEYWORDS : Hathayoga, Yoga therapy, quantitative, Academic Stress Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and Study Skill Inventory,

Paper Title

THE ROLE OF AEROBIC EXERCISE IN ALLEVIATING OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG MENTAL HEALTH NURSES

Abstract

Mental health nurses face high levels of occupational stress due to the emotionally demanding and challenging nature of their work. Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to burnout, decreased job performance, and adverse health outcomes. Aerobic exercise has been widely recognized as an effective strategy for stress reduction, yet limited research has been conducted on its impact on occupational stress among mental health nurses in Kerala. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of aerobic exercises in reducing occupational stress among mental health nurses working in selected mental health hospitals in Kerala. The study also seeks to explore the relationship between aerobic exercise and improvements in physical and psychological well-being. Stress is prevalent among nurses and negatively impacts a nurse’s health along with patient care. PA interventions among nurses may be needed to fully see the effects of PA on physical, mental, and occupational health, and ultimately patient health and safety. This work sought to determine the effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program on the occupational stress of nurses. The aerobic exercise program was associated to decreased work stress of nurses in the experimental group compared to the control group at eight weeks, but this difference did not persist when the experimental group did not continue with the program.
KEYWORDS : Mental health nurses, Aerobic exercise, effective strategy, physical and psychological, well-being.

Paper Title

EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY-INDUCED PARAPLEGIA

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually necessitates considerable changes in the life of an individual, and their family members. SCI may demand difficult psychological adjustment and in addition place great strain on family roles and relationships. Glass summarises the situation thus: `The experience of spinal cord injury is one of the most devastating injuries which might affect an individual. The resultant disability, after which normal cognitive function and intellectual ability usually remains, produces not only an inability to move and feel limbs, but also the inability to control the function of internal organs and even, in severe cases, the ability to breathe independently. There is a need for clear recommendations for standards of psychosocial and physical rehabilitation care for people living with CKD, and guidance for the commissioning and measurement of these services. Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually necessitates considerable changes in the life of an individual, and their family members. SCI may demand difficult psychological adjustment and in addition place great strain on family roles and relationships. Summarises the situation thus: \'The experience of spinal cord injury is one of the most devastating injuries which might affect an individual. Hence, understanding the prevalence of SCI and the relationship between physical activity and mental health in individuals with SCI is crucial for informing rehabilitation strategies and optimizing outcomes. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is life-disrupting condition. Historically, it has been associated with very high mortality rates. Paraplegia is impairment of the motor or sensory functions of the lower extremities often including the lower part of the trunk. It is usually caused by SCI. The area of spinal canal that is affected in paraplegia is the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions.
KEYWORDS : spinal cord injury; psychological distress, physical rehabilitation, Paraplegia

Paper Title

THE IMPACT OF BREATHING EXERCISES ON CANCER-RELATED FATIGUE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADIATION THERAPY

Abstract

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent and debilitating side effect of cancer and cancer treatment. This review will examine the scope of CRF and critically analyse exercise interventions to combat CRF in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Aerobic exercise interventions and multimodal exercise (aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and flexibility exercise) interventions have been shown to improve symptoms of fatigue in cancer patients undergoing treatment. The effect of resistance training on CRF in cancer patients during treatment is not well understood. Aerobic exercise and multimodal exercise appear to combat CRF by improving one or more of the following health-related fitness parameters; aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition. A standardized process of recording the intensity and volume of aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercise should be developed. Future studies should investigate in greater detail the role of resistance training in reducing CRF among cancer patients. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of aberrant cells. Radiation therapy is one of the cancer treatments options. It uses high-energy waves to attack tumor cells, as well as adjacent cells. The majority of cancer patients report feeling tired at the start of treatment or after a few weeks of radiation therapy. It is one of the most disabling and ongoing side effects of anticancer therapy among cancer patients. As a result, cancer-related fatigue can be a troubling symptom for most people getting anticancer treatment which is commonly underdiagnosed by the health care team. This research study aids us in assessing fatigue in cancer patients who receive radiation therapy as a treatment.
KEYWORDS : Cancer-related fatigue, cancer patients, resistance training, Radiation therapy,

Paper Title

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY AND COUNSELING IN HELPING ADULTS DEVELOP BETTER COPING SKILLS

Abstract

Adult mental health and well-being depend on the capacity to build appropriate coping mechanisms in a fast changing environment defined by social, occupational, and personal obstacles. The function of therapy and counseling in improving the coping strategies of individuals experiencing stress, anxiety, trauma, and life changes is investigated in this study paper. Using psychological theories and current empirical research, the paper examines several therapeutic modalities including CBT, Person-Centered Therapy, and Psychodynamic Therapy and their efficacy in building resilience, emotional control, and problem-solving ability. The results imply that organized therapy treatments much help adults to become better in terms of coping, therefore lowering psychological stress and encouraging personal development. Discussed are also suggestions for practitioners and prospective study paths.
KEYWORDS : Stress, coping strategies, therapy effectiveness, counseling, mental health, CBT, mindfulness

Paper Title

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIQUORICE BODY WASH

Abstract

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a liquorice body wash for its potential benefits on skin health. The body wash was formulated using liquorice extract, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-soothing properties. The formulation was optimized for its physical, chemical, and microbiological stability. The body wash was evaluated for its pH, viscosity, foamability, and skin compatibility. The results showed that the liquorice body wash had a pH suitable for skin, good foamability, and stability. In vitro studies demonstrated the body wash\'s potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The formulated liquorice body wash showed promise as a natural, gentle, and effective skincare product for promoting skin health.
KEYWORDS : Liquorice, body wash, skincare, natural ingredients, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory.

Paper Title

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMS ON NURSING OFFICERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FOR MANAGING PHANTOM LIMB PAIN USING NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS

Abstract

Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) is a prevalent issue among amputees, with significant implications for quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes. Non-pharmacological interventions, including mirror therapy and range of motion (ROM) exercises, have emerged as effective management strategies. However, their implementation is hindered by inadequate training among healthcare providers, particularly nursing officers. This study employs a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program aimed at equipping nursing officers with theoretical and practical competencies for managing PLP. A purposive sample of 250 participants underwent assessments, revealing significant improvements in knowledge, confidence, and adaptability post-intervention. Statistical tools, including paired t-tests, ANOVA, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), validated the findings. The study underscores the potential for scalable educational interventions to transform nursing practice and improve patient outcomes.
KEYWORDS : Phantom Limb Pain, Non-Pharmacological Interventions, Mirror Therapy, Nursing Education, Structured Teaching Program, Empirical Study

Paper Title

EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS CADMIUM SULPHATE AND MERCURIC SULPHATE ON NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA AND RNA IN CRAB SCYLLA SERRATA

Abstract

In present investigation the estuarine crab Scylla serrata exposed to cadmium sulphate and mercury sulphate (17.2mg/L, 6 mg/L) up to 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hrs respectively. In present study DNA content was decreased in muscle and hepatopancreas and chelate legs at 24 hrs to 48 hrs and slightly increased at 72 hrs. RNA content was decreased in muscle and hepatopancreas and chelate leg, muscle and gills at 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 96 hrs and 120 hrs and slightly increased at 72 hrs exposure in cadmium exposure crab Scylla serrata. Whereas mercuric sulphate exposure crabs DNA and RNA content was decreased from 24 hrs to 120 hrs in muscle and chelate legs and slightly decreased at 24 hrs and other tissue RNA content decreased. Nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) due to heavy metals toxicity DNA synthesis inhibited ultimately resulted in depletion in RNA level. Any variation in protein affected nucleic acid Synthesis.
KEYWORDS : Scylla serrata, RNA, DNA, cadmium sulphate, Mercuric sulphate

Paper Title

INVITRO EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY USING HERBAL EXTRACTS

Abstract

This study evaluated and compared the antioxidant and antiulcer activites of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica leaf extracts prepared using solvent: methanol. A series of in vitro assays were performed, DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, and acid neutralising capacity. Pharmacological studies have shown neem’s ability to protect the gastric mucosa by scavenging hydroxyl radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing oxidative damage linked to ulcer formation. In vitro experiments further support its protective role in maintaining gastric mucosal DNA integrity under oxidative stress. These findings validate the traditional use of Azadirachta indica in managing gastric ulcers and oxidative disorders, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent. M. oleifera leaves have been used in medicine to manage peptic ulcers, particularly in Indian communities. The flower buds are also utilized for their protective effects against gastric ulceration. Scientific investigations have confirmed the plant\'s significant antioxidant and anti-ulcer properties. Experimental studies revealed that treatment with M. oleifera leaf extract reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, while enhancing the levels of key antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST).
KEYWORDS :

Paper Title

FORMULATION AND EVALUTION OF CARBIMAZOLE ORAL DISPERSIBLE TABLETS

Abstract

Carbimazole is used to treat hyperthyroidism. Carbimazole is a pro-drug as after absorption it is converted to the active form, methimazole. Methimazole prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from iodinating and coupling the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop oral dispersible tablets of Carbimazole. Novel method of co processed super disintegrating technology was employed to formulate the tablets. All the formulations were prepared by direct compression method. The blend of all the formulations showed good flow properties such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density. The prepared tablets were shown good compression parameters and they passed all the quality control evaluation parameters as per LP limits Among all the formulations CBZL5 formulation showed maximum drug release i.e., 97.26% in 10 min hence it is considered as optimized formulation. The CBZL5 formulation contains CP1 as super disintegrate in the concentration of 125 mg. (CP2 contains SSG and CP in 1:2 ratio).
KEYWORDS : Oro dispersable, Drug delivery system , Carbimazole , Coprocessed, Super disintegrating technology.

Paper Title

REVIEW OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF NATURAL PLANTS

Abstract

The growing interest in plant-based therapeutic agents has led to an increased exploration of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on three significant medicinalplants: Azadirachta indica (Neem), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), all of which possess notable pharmacological properties. These plants have been widely studied for their active constituents, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The UV-Visible spectrophotometry method plays a pivotal role in quantifying and validating the bioactivity of these plants. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the botanical profiles, bioactive compounds, traditional and medicinal uses, and their pharmacological significance. Furthermore, the article explores the applicability of these plants in modern therapeutic settings, showcasing their potential in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.
KEYWORDS :

Paper Title

FORMULATION STRATEGIES FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have seen as a viable substitute for traditional drug administration techniques, with benefits such increased patient compliance, less systemic adverse effects, and better bioavailability. However, the formulation of transdermal systems for poor water soluble drugs presents significant challenges, including low drug solubility, limited skin permeability, and inadequate drug release profiles. This comprehensive review examines the latest formulation strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges, drawing insights from an extensive review of literature. Key approaches discussed include the use of advanced polymeric systems, nanoemulsion based formulations, solid dispersions, and the integration of penetration enhancers. The review highlights the critical role of polymer selection in ensuring drug stability, controlled release, and adhesion properties. It also explores the potential of micro and nano carriers to enhance drug solubility and diffusion across the skin barrier. Additionally, innovative techniques such as iontophoresis, microneedles, and sonophoresis are reviewed for their ability to improve the transdermal delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Special attention is given to the evaluation of these strategies through in vitro and in vivo studies, emphasizing the importance of optimizing formulation parameters to achieve therapeutic efficacy and patient safety. The review also identifies existing gaps in research, including the need for long term stability studies and clinical trials to validate the scalability and commercial viability of these formulations. By synthesizing findings from diverse studies, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art formulation strategies for transdermal delivery of poor water soluble drugs and offers valuable insights for future research and development in this field.
KEYWORDS : Danazol, Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems, Polymeric Systems Nanoemulsions, Drug etc

Paper Title

ETHNOBOTANY AND DRUG DISCOVERY: EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Abstract

Ethnopharmacology, by documenting the beneficial effects of plants, has laid the foundation for the therapeutic application of natural compounds. Natural products, either in their raw form or following the extraction of active components, have been utilized by various cultures and explored as valuable resources for drug development. The shift from traditional ethnopharmacology to modern drug discovery has followed a logical progression, facilitated by advances in isolation and characterization techniques, improved computational capabilities, and the rise of chemoinformatics. While the extensive exploration of natural product chemical diversity has led to the identification of new compounds with pharmaceutical potential, this has not translated into a corresponding surge in new drugs. This work reviews the progression of concepts and methodologies from traditional ethnopharmacology to modern in silico drug discovery approaches for natural products. Historically, the process began with identifying a plant through extensive ethnopharmacological research, followed by the isolation and testing of the active compound. However, in recent years, the identification process has reversed: computational techniques such as in silico docking, molecular dynamics, and network pharmacology now pinpoint active substances first, and the corresponding plant(s) containing these substances are then identified using existing or hypothesized ethnopharmacological data. We also emphasize the limitations of current in silico approaches and argue that in vitro and in vivo validation remains a crucial step in the process. Finally, we present our contributions to drug discovery from natural products, including examples where we have applied this full spectrum of methods. Specifically, we detail the isolation of novel antiviral compounds derived from natural products that show activity against certain viruses.
KEYWORDS : Ethnobotany, Traditional Medicine, Drug, Ethnopharmacology, Virus

Paper Title

INCIDENCE OF MRSA INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT ULCER

Abstract

Objectives Primary 1. To find out the proportion of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Secondary 2. To determine the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of MRSA 3. To determine the prescribing patterns in diabetic foot ulcer. 4. To assess the knowledge and practice of foot care among these patients. Methodology The study was conducted among 130 consecutive patients from the Department of Surgery, Government Medical college, Thiruvananthapuram and they were diagnosed with Diabetic foot ulcer and those who are willing were included in the study and those with cognitive impairment were excluded from the study. Study Procedure A written informed consent will be taken from the patient or caregiver in a prescribed format. Patient who met the inclusion criteria will be enrolled for the study. All information relevant to the study was collected from case records and direct interview with patient with the help of questionnaires. The laboratory reports were collected to determine the proportion and susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Knowledge and practice of foot care was assessed using questionnaire based on recommendation by American Diabetics Association Results In the study population, the proportion of MRSA was found to be 9.9%. Considering the bacteriological profile of these patients the organism whose percentage found to be highest was Pseudomonas (27.6%), followed by Klebsiella (27.6%), E.coli (6.3%), Proteus (6.3%) and Acinetobacter (3.4%). MRSA was highly sensitive to Vancomycin (100%), followed by Linezolid 94.7%, Gentamycin (9.4%), Amikacin (9.4% and Clindamycin (9.4%). Conclusion The degree of resistance or sensitivity of MRSA towards commonly used antibiotics is recognized to be diverse from region to region, and vancomycin was the only antibiotic found to give uniform sensitivity. Wound duration was identified as the only risk factor for MRSA infection in DFU. . Appropriate implementation of foot care strategies reduce the risk of amputation by 49%-85%. To achieve this effect, we must emphasize on awareness of foot care.
KEYWORDS : Diabetic foot ulcer, Knowledge, Leision, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Proportion, Practice, sensitivity.

Paper Title

PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA

Abstract

The aim of the current research was to determine the phytochemical profile and describe the methanolic stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia through Soxhlet extraction. Methanol, based on its polarity and effectiveness in extracting a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds, produced an extractive value of 19.41 percent, which signified high recovery of secondary metabolites. The initial phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and quinones whereas carbohydrates were not found. This affirms the selectivity of methanol to secondary metabolites. The UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis revealed that it had strong absorption peak at 280 nm, which demonstrated that it contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The existence of functional groups hydroxyl (O-H), carbonyl (C=O), alkane (C-H) and aromatic (C=C) further confirmed the presence of the identified phytochemical constituents by FTIR spectroscopy. These results confirm the T. cordifolia use as a herbal medicine and give a chemical reason to its pharmacological effects. These findings justify the feasibility of the methanolic extract as a source of therapeutically active constituents and provide the foundation of future standardization and bioactivity-directed fractionation in pharmaceutical use.
KEYWORDS : Tinospora cordifolia, methanolic extract, Soxhlet extraction, phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites, UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR analysis

Paper Title

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION RALTEGRAVIR LOADED MICROSPHERES

Abstract

The objective of the present study was prepared and evaluate Raltegravir microspheres by using emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Raltegravir is loaded with ethyl cellulose & HPMC microspheres and it was prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. The results of FTIR indicated the stable character of Raltegravir microspheres loaded with ethyl cellulose microspheres and also absence of drug polymer interaction. The compatability studies like FTIR & DSC were used to investigate there is no incompatability in the formulation. The Morphological particle size of Raltegravir microspheres is carried out by SEM. The Microspheres were evaluated for total formulation codes is RGV 1 to RGV 9. The Percentage Yield was found to be 83.44% to 85.61%. Drug content was 64.7 to 95.3%. The Particle size of microspheres 16 µm to 213 µm, Drug entrapment efficiency was 87.3% to 53.5 %, The drug loading capacity was 94.6% to 55.5%. Thw swellability studies was 0.7 sec to 1.6 sec. Invitro dissolution studies of best formulation RGV8 was found to be 63.87%. The invitro drug dissolution data obtained was fitted to various mathematical models such as zero order, first order, Higuchi matrix & Korsmeyer peppas model. The Raltegravir microspheres follows model having R2 value was 0.937, 0.399, 0.899, 0.785 & m Value was 1593, 0.061, 11409, 2.560. The release of drug from the microspheres extended up to 45 Mints. The Raltegravir loaded with ethyl cellulose & HPMC microspheres were prepared under optimised conditions that shows good release characteristics.
KEYWORDS : Raltegravir, Microspheres, Invitro dissolution studies, FTIR & DSC.

Paper Title

STUDY TO ACCESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLAN TEACHING ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HYPERTENSION AND ITS SELECTED ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT AMONG THE HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ADMITTED IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL OF PUNE CITY

Abstract

Hypertension is a major public health issue & leading cause of cardiovascular complications. Effective management requires not only medical treatment but also adequate patient awareness. This aimed to evaluate effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding hypertension & its selected aspects of management among hypertensive patients admitted in a government hospital of Pune city. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test & post-test design was used with purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire assessed patients’ knowledge before & after planned teaching intervention which included causes, symptoms, complications, diet, lifestyle modifications & medication adherence. Results showed a marked improvement in post-test knowledge scores compared to pre-test values confirming effectiveness of teaching program. Structured educational interventions significantly enhance patient knowledge, support better compliance & can help reduce the burden of hypertension-related complications.
KEYWORDS : Hypertension, Patient Education, Knowledge, Management & Planned Teaching

Paper Title

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE PERTAINING TO BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) AMONG STAFF NURSES EMPLOYED AT SELECTED HOSPITALS.

Abstract

Objectives:- 1.To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching Programme on knowledge regarding BasicLife support (BLS)among staff nurses working at selected hospital in the experimental group.2.To assess pre test knowledge score regarding Basic Life support(BLS) in both experimental and control group.3. To assess post test knowledge score regarding Basic Life support (BLS) in both experimental and control group. 4. To find out association between pre test knowledge score in both experimental and control group with selected demographic variable. Material and Method:The research approach used was quantitative evaluative approach. The research design was a quasi- experimental design non equivalent control group. Results:Majority are previous knowledge of the staff nurse ,66.67% of staff nurses answered yes and 33.33% answered no. In the control group,46.67% of staff nurses answered yes and 53.33% answered no.Average knowledge score at the time of pretest was 12.13 with standard deviation of 2.86. The minimum score of knowledge was 7 with maximum score of 16. 70% staff nurses had average knowledge and 30% had good knowledge. Average knowledge score at the time of posttest was 19.53 with standard deviation of 2.30. The minimum score of knowledge was 15 with maximum score of 24 Highly significance difference found between the pre -test and post- test knowledge scores at the level of (P<0.05). Structure teaching programme is proved to be effective in improving the knowledge regarding Basic Life support (BLS)among staff nurses working at selected hospitals. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that, the post-test knowledge score was higher-than the pre-test knowledge score range. The hypothesis are proved and accepted Discussion: A similar study can be conducted on larger sample forwider-generalizations.
KEYWORDS : staff nurses, basic life supports,structured teaching programmed

Paper Title

THE MAGNESIUM-DIABETES CONNECTION: A SILENT THREAT AND A PATH TO PREVENTION

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, encompassing both type 1 and type 2 forms, represents a global health crisis with profound metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. While insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are central to its path physiology, growing evidence points to a significant, yet often overlooked, role of magnesium. This micronutrient, essential for over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, is profoundly involved in glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and antioxidant defense. Observational studies consistently demonstrate an inverse relationship between magnesium intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while clinical trials suggest that magnesium supplementation can improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with and without diabetes. This paper delves into the multifaceted connection between magnesium and diabetes, exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms, highlighting the prevalence of magnesium deficiency in diabetic populations, and critically evaluating the therapeutic potential of magnesium supplementation as a preventive and management strategy. Understanding this silent threat and its potential for mitigation is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies to combat the escalating diabetes epidemic.
KEYWORDS : Diabetes mellitus, Chronic, Micro vascular, Macro vascular, Resistance, Magnesium

Paper Title

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND DISABILITY IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS AT A SELECTED ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH

Abstract

Head and neck cancer significantly impacts patients\' quality of life, leading to lifestyle changes and disability. This exploratory study aims to investigate the extent and nature of lifestyle changes and disability in head and neck cancer patients undergoing treatment at a selected oncology hospital in Chhattisgarh. The study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. Quantitative data will be collected using standardized assessment tools, while qualitative data will be gathered through in-depth interviews. The study\'s findings will provide insights into the specific challenges faced by head and neck cancer patients, informing the development of targeted interventions to support patients\' rehabilitation and improve their overall quality of life. This research will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on head and neck cancer, highlighting the need for comprehensive care and support services to address the unique needs of patients in this region.
KEYWORDS : Head and neck cancer, lifestyle changes, disability, quality of life, oncology hospital, Chhattisgarh.

Paper Title

CLEANING VERIFICATION FOR COMBINATION DRUG SUBSTANCES AMLODIPINE AND CELECOXIB USING RPHPLC TECHNIQUES INVOLVES DEVELOPING A METHOD TO DETECT AND QUANTIFY RESIDUES OF BOTH APIS

Abstract

Cleaning verification in pharmaceutical manufacturing is essential to prevent cross-contamination, ensure patient safety and maintain product integrity. The coexistence of multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in shared production facilities demands highly sensitive analytical methods capable of detecting trace residues. This presents a validated Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous detection and quantification of amlodipine besylate and celecoxib residues from manufacturing equipment surfaces during cleaning verification. A C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) was utilized with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) in a 60:40 ratio at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was performed at 238 nm. The method demonstrated linearity over 0.5–10 µg/mL for both drugs with correlation coefficients >0.999. Limits of detection (LOD) were 0.12 µg/mL for amlodipine and 0.18 µg/mL for celecoxib. Precision, accuracy, robustness and system suitability parameters satisfied ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Swab recovery studies yielded >90% recovery. The developed RP-HPLC method proved reliable, rapid, economical and suitable for routine cleaning verification in facilities handling both APIs.
KEYWORDS : RP-HPLC Method Development, Cleaning Verification, Amlodipine Besylate, Celecoxib & Residue Quantification