Paper Title

TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY BASED ON DISRUPTION OF THE BARRIER PROPERTIES OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM

Abstract

The conventional oral dosage forms has significant drawbacks of poor bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism and tendency to produce rapid blood level spikes (Both high and low), leading to a need for high and/or frequent dosing, which can be both cost prohibitive and inconvenient. The skin offers an accessible and convenient site for the administration of medications. To this end, the field of transdermal drug delivery, aimed at developing safe and efficacious means of delivering medications across the skin, has in the past and continues to garner much time and investment with the continuous advancement of new and innovative approaches. This article details the progress and current status of the transdermal drug delivery field and describes numerous pharmaceutical developments which have been employed to overcome limitations associated with skin delivery systems. Advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are detailed, commercially marketed products are highlighted and particular attention is paid to the emerging field of microneedle technologies.
KEYWORDS : Transdermal; drug delivery; velocity based device; ultrasound; thermal ablation; microneedle.

Paper Title

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF AG NANOPARTICLES AND ITS THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

Abstract

Nano biotechnology is an emerging field in biotechnology and it has vast applications in all fields. In this study silver nanoparticles has been synthesized by using Cassia tora leaf aqueous extracts which was characterized by using UV-VIS spectroscopy and confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles have been evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial studies and effective results were found. In recent years, the major focus of researchers is to develop eco-friendly technique for production of well-characterized nanoparticles. Many methods are available for the production of metal nanoparticles using organisms viz. bacteria fungi and plants. Among these organisms plants are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable and the rate of synthesis is also faster and are more various in shape and size than produced by other organisms. The produced AgNPs from plant extract was confirmed by color change from transparent yellow to reddish brown which indicates formation of AgNPs on addition of AgNo3 solution to plant extract. In UV-visible spectra, the extract showed absorbance peak at 410nm. The TEM micrograph showed clustered nature of synthesized silver nanoparticles with size 30nm. The SEM images showed rod- shaped nanoparticles formed with diameter in the range of 30-60 nm from the aqueous extract of Cassia tora. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were investigated for bio catalytic and biological efficacy and found to have potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The researchers are interested to investigate mechanisms of bio reduction of metal ions by plants because of many advantages of using plants and plant derived materials.
KEYWORDS : Green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, Cassia tora, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, UV-VIS., SEM ,TEM.

Paper Title

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF BIOCATALYSIS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SYNTHESIS

Abstract

The use of Biocatalysis as part of a manufacturing process fits well in this trend as enzymes are themselves biodegradable, require mild conditions to work and are highly specific and well suited to carry out complex reactions in a simple way. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics, and the decreasing costs for gene synthesis and sequencing contribute to the growing success of engineered biocatalysts in industrial applications. The design and development of greener processes that are safe and friendly is an irreversible trend that is driven by sustainable and economic issues. However, the incorporation of biocatalytic process steps in new or established manufacturing routes is not always straight forward. To realize the full synthetic potential of biocatalysis for the sustainable manufacture of chemical building blocks, it is therefore important to regularly analyze the success factors and existing hurdles for the implementation of enzymes in large scale small molecule synthesis.. The pharmaceutical industry, driven by an increasing need to deliver new and more effective medicines to patients, is increasingly turning to the use of engineered biocatalysts for both lead generation of active compounds and the sustainable manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Advances in enzyme discovery, high-throughput screening and protein engineering have substantially expanded the available biocatalysts, and consequently, many more synthetic transformations are now possible. This review explores the effective role of NBCs in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
KEYWORDS : Biocatalysis, pharmaceutical, manufacturing process, biomedical fields, immobilization.