Paper Title

TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY BASED ON DISRUPTION OF THE BARRIER PROPERTIES OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM

Abstract

The conventional oral dosage forms has significant drawbacks of poor bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism and tendency to produce rapid blood level spikes (Both high and low), leading to a need for high and/or frequent dosing, which can be both cost prohibitive and inconvenient. The skin offers an accessible and convenient site for the administration of medications. To this end, the field of transdermal drug delivery, aimed at developing safe and efficacious means of delivering medications across the skin, has in the past and continues to garner much time and investment with the continuous advancement of new and innovative approaches. This article details the progress and current status of the transdermal drug delivery field and describes numerous pharmaceutical developments which have been employed to overcome limitations associated with skin delivery systems. Advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are detailed, commercially marketed products are highlighted and particular attention is paid to the emerging field of microneedle technologies.
KEYWORDS : Transdermal; drug delivery; velocity based device; ultrasound; thermal ablation; microneedle.

Paper Title

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF AG NANOPARTICLES AND ITS THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

Abstract

Nano biotechnology is an emerging field in biotechnology and it has vast applications in all fields. In this study silver nanoparticles has been synthesized by using Cassia tora leaf aqueous extracts which was characterized by using UV-VIS spectroscopy and confirmed by SEM and TEM analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles have been evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial studies and effective results were found. In recent years, the major focus of researchers is to develop eco-friendly technique for production of well-characterized nanoparticles. Many methods are available for the production of metal nanoparticles using organisms viz. bacteria fungi and plants. Among these organisms plants are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable and the rate of synthesis is also faster and are more various in shape and size than produced by other organisms. The produced AgNPs from plant extract was confirmed by color change from transparent yellow to reddish brown which indicates formation of AgNPs on addition of AgNo3 solution to plant extract. In UV-visible spectra, the extract showed absorbance peak at 410nm. The TEM micrograph showed clustered nature of synthesized silver nanoparticles with size 30nm. The SEM images showed rod- shaped nanoparticles formed with diameter in the range of 30-60 nm from the aqueous extract of Cassia tora. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were investigated for bio catalytic and biological efficacy and found to have potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The researchers are interested to investigate mechanisms of bio reduction of metal ions by plants because of many advantages of using plants and plant derived materials.
KEYWORDS : Green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, Cassia tora, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, UV-VIS., SEM ,TEM.

Paper Title

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF BIOCATALYSIS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SYNTHESIS

Abstract

The use of Biocatalysis as part of a manufacturing process fits well in this trend as enzymes are themselves biodegradable, require mild conditions to work and are highly specific and well suited to carry out complex reactions in a simple way. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics, and the decreasing costs for gene synthesis and sequencing contribute to the growing success of engineered biocatalysts in industrial applications. The design and development of greener processes that are safe and friendly is an irreversible trend that is driven by sustainable and economic issues. However, the incorporation of biocatalytic process steps in new or established manufacturing routes is not always straight forward. To realize the full synthetic potential of biocatalysis for the sustainable manufacture of chemical building blocks, it is therefore important to regularly analyze the success factors and existing hurdles for the implementation of enzymes in large scale small molecule synthesis.. The pharmaceutical industry, driven by an increasing need to deliver new and more effective medicines to patients, is increasingly turning to the use of engineered biocatalysts for both lead generation of active compounds and the sustainable manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Advances in enzyme discovery, high-throughput screening and protein engineering have substantially expanded the available biocatalysts, and consequently, many more synthetic transformations are now possible. This review explores the effective role of NBCs in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
KEYWORDS : Biocatalysis, pharmaceutical, manufacturing process, biomedical fields, immobilization.

Paper Title

EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF MANNITOL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL CO-PROCESSED EXCIPIENT

Abstract

Mannitol is FDA-approved for the reduction of intracranial pressure associated with cerebral edema and the reduction of intraocular pressure. Mannitol is also administered via inhalation as adjunctive therapy in cystic fibrosis. Its dehydrating properties at the cellular and tissue levels increase plasma osmotic pressure, which is studied for its potential to reduce ICP through osmotic diuresis. While clinical guidelines support mannitol use in these cases, the best approach for its application continues to be debated. Mannitol has many side-effects including initial volume expansion (increasing the risk of heart failure), subsequent hypovolaemia and hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance, including hypernatraemia and hypokalaemia. Mannitol’s advantages as an excipient are reasonably well-explored at this point, but less well-known is its capacity to deliver therapeutic benefits of its own. Across multiple scientific and clinical studies, mannitol has been shown to impart pharmaceutic effects.
KEYWORDS : Excipient, Mannitol

Paper Title

ASSESSMENT OF MARINE LITTER AT MANDVI CREEK OF VENGURLA, SINDHUDURG

Abstract

Mandvi creek of Vengurla has rich and vast patch of mangrove vegetation. Due to nearby residential areas, fishing, religious activities the creek has got polluted with domestic waste as well as plastic litter. The present study focused on different types of marine litter accumulated in the water basin. The litter was classified into seven categories namely plastic waste, thermocol, footwear, clothes, plastic bottles, glass bottles, fishing net debris etc.
KEYWORDS : Vengurla, Mandvi, Estuary, Litter, Recycle.

Paper Title

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON NOVEL EXCIPIENTS

Abstract

Excipients are additives used to turn active drug ingredients into forms that can be safely and effectively given to patients. New and improved excipients are being developed to help deliver drugs better. Synthetic polymers are popular because they can be customized by design, allowing for specific properties to be added or adjusted as needed. However, natural excipients are especially interesting because they are reliable, sustainable, and don’t rely on fossil fuels. Plant-based excipients are appealing since they are compatible with the body, have low toxicity, are environmentally friendly, and are often cheaper than synthetic alternatives. They are also renewable resources, making them a sustainable option for producing affordable medicines. Novel excipients are essential for creating modern drug delivery systems and biotechnology- based drugs. However, despite many new excipients being developed, they aren’t commonly used in medicines. This is because of strict regulatory requirements and the perception that adding new excipients complicates the product evaluation, potentially delaying approval. Regulators treat novel excipients as new substances, so each new excipient in a drug formulation must go through a full evaluation process similar to that of a new active ingredient. As a result, much more detailed and complex information is needed for regulatory approval (marketing authorization) compared to established excipients. This review gives an overview of the novel excipients used in medicinal products approved in the European Union. It also explores the challenges in developing new excipients and discusses possible ways to address these obstacles. A novel excipient is a new substance that hasn’t been used in any approved drug. However, pharmaceutical companies are often hesitant to use novel excipients due to the risk that regulatory authorities might not approve the drug because of the new ingredient. Additionally, companies worry about whether these novel excipients can be consistently supplied from production facilities that meet GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) standards. The USFDA encourages innovation in excipients to support new drug development and improve existing treatments. The IPEC (International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council) also works to promote the acceptance of these new excipients in the market. The goal of this research is to evaluate different polymers as novel excipients for developing effective drug forms. These new excipients were tested for their abilities as agents that can enhance drug delivery, break down skin barriers, or act as biological reagents. The research also examined their physical and chemical properties, as well as the regulatory requirements for their use. Pharmaceutical formulation is constantly advancing, driven by the need for better drug delivery methods and improved treatment results. A key part of this progress is the development and use of novel excipients. This review looks at the different types and examples of these new excipients that have transformed drug formulation in recent years. It examines their uses, benefits, and limitations, emphasizing how important they are for the future of pharmaceutical formulation. Using these innovative materials not only makes drugs more effective and easier for patients to take but also opens up new possibilities for personalized medicine and targeted drug delivery. Pharmaceutical formulation is constantly advancing, driven by the need for better drug delivery methods and improved treatment results. A key part of this progress is the development and use of novel excipients. This review looks at the different types and examples of these new excipients that have transformed drug formulation in recent years. It examines their uses, benefits, and limitations, emphasizing how important they are for the future of pharmaceutical formulation. Using these innovative materials not only makes drugs more effective and easier for patients to take but also opens up new possibilities for personalized medicine and targeted drug delivery.
KEYWORDS : Novelexcipient, denimers,co-polymers Surface active Novel excipients,Novel Excipients types, Regulation,Challenges, Soluplus, Eudracap

Paper Title

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY ON NATURAL PRODUCT\'S

Abstract

Recent scientific understanding of the cascade of inflammatory mediators from arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostanoids, has enabled researchers to adopt new test procedures and also apply these new methods for medicinal plant research. Whole crude extracts from plants have been widely investigated in the past few decades and several plants have been found to have antiinflammatory activity. Plant-based substances are potent in treating several inflammatory disorders. Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenes are the few chemical classes that have been reported for antiinflammatory activity and a few classical examples include andrograpanin, azadirachtin, curcumin, embelin, resveratrol, and quercetin. This chapter deals with the antiinflammatory activity of various compounds of natural origin.
KEYWORDS : natural products, anti-inflammatory activity, plant extract, pure compounds, Medicinal plants, Paw edema, In-vivo model, Markar compound, Active biological compound

Paper Title

FIVE MEMBERED RING HYTROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS ANTI-CANCER DRUG

Abstract

The majority of heterocycle compounds and typically common heterocycle fragments present in most pharmaceuticals currently marketed, alongside with their intrinsic versatility and unique physicochemical properties, have poised them as true cornerstones of medicinal chemistry. Apart from the already marketed drugs, there are many other being investigated for their promising activity against several malignancies. In particular, anticancer research has been capitalizing on the intrinsic versatility and dynamic core scaffold of these compounds. Nevertheless, as for any other promising anticancer drugs, heterocyclic compounds do not come without shortcomings. In this review, we provide for a concise overview of heterocyclic active compounds and families and their main applications in medicine. We shall focus on those suitable for cancer therapy while simultaneously addressing main biochemical modes of action, biological targets, structure-activity relationships as well as intrinsic limitation issues in the use of these compounds. Finally, considering the advent of nanotechnology for effective selective targeting of drugs, we shall discuss fundamental aspects and considerations on nanovectorizatiom of such compounds that may improve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of heterocycles. N-heterocyclic compounds are a natural and rich source of pharmacologically active molecules displaying anti-cancer properties through various antiproliferative mechanisms. Some of these N-heterocyclic compounds are already being utilized or evaluated in clinical settings for cancer treatment, highlighting their potential significance in discovering new anti cancer agents. This study aims to gather information from articles published between 2019 and 2021 on the recent advancements in N-heterocyclic derivatives such as indazole, triazolopyrimidine, pyrazolopyrimidine, quinoxaline, benzimidazole, benzodiazepine, indole, and quinoline as promising anticancer agents, including their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action.
KEYWORDS : cancer therapy, heterocyclic compounds, oxygen and nitrogen-based heterocycles, drug delivery, nanomedicine, eterocycles, five-membered heterocycles, antibiotics, antibacterials, nitrogen heterocycles, oxygen heterocycles, sulfur heterocycles, biological activity, drug design, drug discovery.

Paper Title

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AZO DYE DECOLORIZATION METHODS: ADSORPTION VS. BIODEGRADATION

Abstract

Azo dyes are widely used in industries such as textiles, but their discharge into water bodies poses significant environmental and health hazards. This study compares adsorption and biodegradation methods for azo dye decolorization, synthesizing findings from existing research to evaluate their efficiency, scalability, and environmental impact. Key adsorption materials, microbial agents, mechanisms, and challenges are reviewed. The study identifies gaps in current methods and proposes integrated hybrid approaches to enhance decolorization efficiency and sustainability.
KEYWORDS : Azo dyes, decolorization, adsorption, biodegradation, microbial degradation, environmental impact, hybrid approaches, wastewater treatment, dye removal, azo reductase.

Paper Title

PHARMACOGNOSTIC, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FINGER & KODO MILLETS FOR THEIR ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PROSTATE CANCER

Abstract

Cancer is a major global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and economic burden worldwide. It arises from disruptions in normal cellular processes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, tumor formation, and metastasis. While advancements in conventional cancer therapies have improved outcomes, they are often associated with significant side effects and limitations, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds have emerged as promising candidates in cancer prevention and management due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. Millets, a group of drought-resistant cereal crops, have gained attention for their exceptional nutritional and therapeutic potential. Finger millet (ragi) and Kodo millet are rich in polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, compounds known for their potent antioxidative properties. These bioactive substances play a crucial role in neutralizing oxidative stress, modulating signaling pathways, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Epidemiological studies indicate that regular consumption of millets may reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. Among these, Kodo millet exhibits superior antioxidant capacity, attributed to its high content of phenolics and tannins. This study highlights the unique phytochemical profiles and anticancer potential of millets, emphasizing their role as a cost-effective and sustainable dietary intervention for cancer prevention. By exploring the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of millets, this work aims to contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the integration of functional foods into cancer management strategies. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of millets and to optimize their utilization in global health initiatives.
KEYWORDS : Cancer prevention, Millets, Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, Functional foods

Paper Title

AN EVALUATION OF A NURSING INTERVENTION PACKAGE\'S EFFECTS ON ANTENATAL MOTHERS\' MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION

Abstract

One of the most crucial and significant life experiences for a woman is becoming pregnant and giving birth. About 5% to 8% of pregnancies result in PIH, and in both industrialized and developing nations, more severe instances are often linked to poor outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the impact of a nursing intervention package on the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension and its consequences for expectant mothers. One group was given a pre-test and a post-test at a headquarters hospital using a pre-experimental design. The quantitative method was used. Convenient sampling was used to choose fifty expectant moms. Five experts from different nursing, medical, and statistical departments validated the content validity of the Nursing Interventional package tool. The efficacy of the intervention was assessed using the independent t-test and the chi-square test. The results indicate that the mean score was 15.32 ± 2.622 in the pre-test and 29.30 ± 3.547 in the post-test. t = -22.0 is the computed paired test value. It demonstrates that the Nursing Interventional Package was more successful in raising PIH mothers\' health condition and PIH knowledge levels. According to the current research, the Nursing Interventional Package was more successful in managing the health status of PIH moms and was both affordable and simple to use.
KEYWORDS : Nursing intervention package, Management of hypertension

Paper Title

THE IMPACT OF MEDICINAL PLANT INDUSTRY ON RURAL LIVELIHOODS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Abstract

Our healthcare system would be incomplete without therapeutic herbs. Pre-modern societies developed \"traditional medicine,\" \"indigenous medicine,\" and \"folk medicine.\" Plants and plant-based products are commonly used for medicine. Allopathic, homoeopathic, Ayurvedic, and Chinese medicine are available globally. Each developed community has a Materia Medica, a detailed database of medicinal plants. Botany says there are 2,50,000–3,50,000 plant species. Approximately 35,000 species are used to treat a variety of diseases worldwide. Due to their ubiquity across all demographics, phytopharmaceuticals are vital to the world economy and commerce. By 2030, the worldwide herbal medicine industry is expected to reach 550 billion dollars, up from 83 billion in 2019. This estimate comes from Globe News Wire research. China and India lead the botanical market. Every year, China exports 120,000 tons of herbal treatments and India 32,000 tonnes. Europe imports about 400,000 tons of medicinal plants (MP) yearly to suit local demand. This analysis examines MPs and their worldwide economic impact.
KEYWORDS : Phytochemical Compounds, Traditional Medicine, Pharmacological Activities, Economic Botany.