Paper Title
DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY OF INDIA AN ANALYSIS
Abstract
normal functioning of the society or community”.
India is vulnerable, in varying degrees, to a large number of natural as well as man-made disasters. 58.6 per cent of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity; over 40 million hectares (12 per cent of land) is prone to floods and river erosion; of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis; 68 per cent of the cultivable area is vulnerable to drought and hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches. Vulnerability to disasters/emergencies of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) origin also exists. Heightened vulnerabilities to disaster risks can be related to expanding population, urbanisation and industrialisation, development within high-risk zones, environmental degradation and climate. Mainstreaming disaster management into the developmental planning process.
Disaster Management Act, 2005,
which envisaged the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister, State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by the Chief Ministers, and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) headed by the District Collector or District Magistrate or Deputy Commissioner as the case may be, to spearhead and adopt a holistic and integrated approach to DM.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Unlike man-made disasters, natural hazards like floods, earthquakes, and cyclones cannot be avoided. However, with mitigation measures along with proper planning of developmental work in the risk prone area, these hazards can be prevented from turning into disasters.
A multi-pronged approach needs to be adopted to undertake mitigation measures:
• Building mitigation measures into all development projects.
• Initiating of National level mitigation projects by the NDMA, in high priority areas, with the help of the Central Ministries and Departments concerned and the States.
• Encouraging and assisting State level mitigation projects in accordance with the guidelines.
• Indigenous knowledge on disaster and coping mechanisms adopted by various States will be given due weightage with special focus on protection of heritage structures. The research on cross-cutting themes including technological and man-made disasters will be promoted in addition to natural disasters. Research and Development in areas such as micro-zonation and scenario development based on simulation studies will also be encouraged to assess the short-term and long-term consequences of these disasters
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