Paper Title

REVIEW ON GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIAS AND ROLE OF NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH

Introduction

Bacterial meningitis—an infectious disease common to human beings—remains a serious global threat especially in the “meningitis belt” in the sub-Saharan Africa and the US. Neisseria meningitidis is the causative organism of this deadly disease which is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacteria and is characterized by its antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule. There are 13 clinically significant serogroups of this organisms—A, B, C, D, E29, H, I, K, L, W135, X, Y, Z, which depend on the antigenic structure of their polysaccharide capsule, among which A, B, C, X, Y and W-135 are the major pathogenic strains. 10% of the entire population in the “meningitis belt” is the carrier of this organism and if the infected people are not treated on time, the mortality reaches 100%. Nutritional studies for the growth of Neisseria meningitidis were started in 1940s by a number of researchers. Protective immunity to Neisseria meningitidis bacteria involves an antibody response to polysaccharide antigen except serogroup B. Polysaccharide vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis prevent infection by inducing an immune response against the specific capsular polysaccharide. At present, high cost of available vaccines makes it unaffordable for the common people. The high cost of the vaccines is due to the low productivity of polysaccharide; less recovery and high cost of purification process. If the cost in producing polysaccharide is lowered down, the ultimate market cost of the vaccine can be reduced. This review aims to provide a brief account of media and process parameters for the growth of Neisseria meningitidis for better yield of polysaccharide and metabolism involved during the growth and PS production.

Keywords: Bacterial meningitis, Neisseria meningitidis, Role of nutrients on growth.

Paper Title

STUDY OF SCHIFF BASE COMPOUNDS AND ITS DERIVATIVES

Introduction

The Schiff Base compounds are versatile compounds which is synthesized from the condensation of primary amines with carbonyl groupes. It is also known as ketimines. The synthesized Schiff base were characterized by spectral technique like UV-Spectra and IR – Spectra. The transition metal complexes derived from the Schiff base legends have been widely studied in the present paper. The ketimines were also prepared from methyl-1-naphthy ketone with Aniline, 2-chloro-aniline, 3- chloro aniline , 4-Chloro-aniline and 2-nitroaniline by using toluene solvent by using reflux method and it is confirmed by its colour and physical constant.
Keywords: Ketimines, Schiff Base ligands, toluene solvent reflux method.

Paper Title

SEED BORNE FUNGI OF SUNFLOWER

Introduction

The deterioration in sunflower seed due to fungi is of the great importance in the present study nine seeds were isolated from abnormal sunflower seed. Which is collected from a different location the different vairaty like, SS- 56, surya, KBSH-1, LSH-1, LSH-3, MSFH-1, AP5H-1, BSH-1, MSFH -17 were studied. These seeds were associated with 45 species of fungi belonging to 19 general the Broadest species spectrum on most cultivars consiste of genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, and fusarium followed by pencillium, chaetomium, Trichoderma, and ulocladium, Aspergillus niger, A flavus, Chaetomium globosum. Alternaria alternate, A Funmigatus, Ch. Atrobrunneum, A terruss, penicillium expansun, P. brevicompactum, Fusarium oxysporum. F. solani, Rhizopus Stolonifer, Mucor hiemalies and A. Ochraceus were the most frequent species. The species composition, percentage of seed infection and seed germination percentage differed among cultivars 55-56 show the lowest number of detected species where as the highest number was isolated from surya species and the highest fungal infestation was recorded in unidentified local cultivar 3 maximum seed germination occure in MSFH–1. The seed borne pathogenic species Macrophomina phaseolina was detected.
Keywords: Deterioration, Cultivar, Species Spectrum.

Paper Title

TO STUDY THE LIMITATIONS OF TRADITIONAL MARKETING STRATEGIES IN THE INDIAN PHARMA INDUSTRY

Introduction

In the era of information technology and marketing mix, the emergence and utilization of digital marketing has gained eminent popularity among the marketers. Around 80% of the internet users (through smartphones, computers) are seeking medical opinion online, thus digital medium of marketing in the pharma industry can’t be ignored.
The present study intends to study the limitations of traditional marketing strategies and explore the opportunities posed by digital marketing towards maximizing profits and gaining more market share.

Keywords: Pharmaceutical Traditional Marketing, Digital Marketing, Social Media.

Paper Title

QUALITY EVALUATION OF SOILS IN CORINGA MANGROVES REGION IN EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT FOR APPLICATION

Introduction

Soil with quality can produce healthy crops over a long term. Soil quality is an indicator of its fitness for use. Manmade activities can change the quality of soil. In the present research study, six representative soil samples collected during pre and post monsoon season from Coringa mangrove region of East Godavari estuaries were characterised for physicochemical characters pH, EC, TDS, TH, TA, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43-, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ and irrigation parameters like %Na, SAR, RSC, KR and MH were determined. In majority soils EC, TDS, TH and TA are on the higher side of permissible limits indicating the saline nature of the soils and the presence of solids in soils. pH values indicate the slight alkaline nature of soil, Total Alkalinity values also indicate the alkaline nature of soils. Higher Chloride value in one sample also indicates the saline nature of soil. Nitrate and Phospate levels also indicate the occational discharge of agricultural runoff into the soil. Higher values of Magnesium indicate the Magnesium Hazard of soil. Irrigation parameters like SAR, KR indicated the suitability of soil for irrigation while higher levels of Magnesium Hazard can deplete the soil quality in consequently. The productions of crop yields in the study area reduce. Hence the soils are to be reclaimed accordingly to reduce the chemical contamination and Magnesium Hazard to attain good crop yields in the study area.

Keywords:Soil, Estuaries, Characterisation, Irrigation.

Paper Title

NOVEL CHARACTERIZATION OF FEW MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES

Introduction

The experiment was designed to evaluate the conductivity, pH-values and transmission percentage of traditionally used medicinal plant leaves in the form of powder using distilled water with varied physicochemical characteristics. The distilled water hydrogen ion concentration [pH] was neutral [pH 7.0] while the average pH-values of sample code in increasing order TG [7.13], IB [7.22], NM [7.43], BK [7.45] and NR [7.98]. The results indicated that the NR sample as shown highest pH- value. There was a significant difference in the pH-values of different samples. The temperature increases conductivity increases. Concentration of the sample increases conductivity also increases by conductivity levels was responsible for the biological activity higher in NR than the rest of the samples. There was a positive significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the conductivity of the different samples. Keywords: Conductivity, leaves, pH-values, transmission %, wavelength.

Paper Title

GAMMA-RAY INTERACTION STUDIES IN PHOSPHATE AND NON-PHOSPHATE GLASSES

Introduction

Phosphate and Non-phosphate glasses have been prepared by Melt quenching method. Gamma-ray mass attenuation coefficients for these glasses have been measured by using Narrow Beam Transmission Method with NaI(Tl) as detector. I, Io and d (g/cm2) were measured and using exponential law of attenuation, the mass attenuation coefficients for each type of glass at discrete gamma energies ie., 59.5 and 661.6 keV were calculated. The effective atomic numbers for photoelectric and coherent attenuation processes were also calculated for these glasses. Using mixture rule, μ/ ρ values were calculated and were compared with the obtained experimental values. These both in turn were compared with theoretical values calculated using NIST XCom database. The theoretical values, calculated values and experimental results of the present work were found to be in good agreement.

Keywords: Gamma-ray, Mass attenuation coefficients, Narrow beam transmission, Effective atomic number.

Paper Title

STUDY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS

Introduction

The progress made by medical science during the last century and its positive impact on society are well known. Medicinal products are an important element of the medical practice and their beneficial effects (and side-effects) on human and veterinary health is widely acknowledged. However, the area where we lack a global view understands what happens when these medicinal products are discharged into the environment, either through consumption or as unused or expired products. Residues of various types of medicinal products (hormones, anti-cancer, antidepressants, antibiotics, etc.) have been detected in various environmental compartments, such as surface water, groundwater, soil, air, and biota. Such widespread occurrence obviously begs the question whether a concentration of medicinal products in the environment poses a risk for exposed biota or humans. In this context, we discussed about how the medicinal products enter the environment, behaviour of medicinal products, risks on the environment.

Keywords: Medicinal products, Behaviour, Risks, Consumption, Environment

Paper Title

EFFECT OF STOICHIOMETRIC AND NON-STOICHIOMETRIC ON CHENICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FERRITE MATERIALS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Introduction

Different types of ferrites were prepared with compositional formulae [Li0.5+x Sbx Fe2.5-2x]04, 2[Li(1+3y)/2 Moy Fe2.5-3y/2)]O4, [Li0.5+xNbxFe2.5-2x]O4, [Mg0.9Mn0.1+x Tix Fe2.-2x]O4, [Mg0.9Mn0.1+xZrx Fe2-2x]O4 etc. were prepared under solid state reaction method sintered at different temperatures (1000oC – 1300oC). All are showed different properties at different sintering temperatures due to evaporation of some dopent elements like lithium, Niobedium, Zirconium ect.at high temperatures due to reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. At high temperature all are showed at high density and high coercivity. Saturation magnetization were measured and showed good values at lesser temperatures (~1100oC) but Curie Temperatures showed maximum at High Temperature especially Lithium ferrites. Mechanical properties of all materials were good at high Temperatures. Conduction mechanism showed different due to different temperatures take place between Fe2+ and Fe3+.

Keywords: Ferrite Materials, Sintering Temperatures, Properties, Stoichiometry

Paper Title

STRUCTURAL, MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CU SUBSTITUTED CO-MG NANO FERRITE SYNTHESIZED BY WET-CHEMICAL COMBUSTION METHOD

Introduction

The influence of Cu substitution on structural and magnetic properties of Co-Mg mixed nano ferrite synthesized by using a wet-chemical combustion method is presented. Significant modifications in crystallite size and density are observed. Cation distribution estimated form X-ray intensity calculations show that Cu influence the preferential site occupancy of Mg ions. It is found that Cu and Mg simultaneously occupy tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites with different ratios. Particle size calculated using TEM for undoped Co-Mg ferrite is about 80 nm. Saturation magnetization increases initially and reaches a maximum value (x=0.3) and then decreases. The observed variation is explained on the basis of redistribution of cations (Cu2+ and Mg2+) among the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites.

Keywords: Co-Mg ferrite; XRD; TEM; Cu substitution; Combustion method;

Paper Title

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF PbO-Sc2O3-P2O5 GLASSES WITH MoO3

Introduction

PbO–Sc2O3–P2O5 glasses containing different concentrations of MoO3 ranging from 0 to 0.5 mol% were prepared. Spectroscopic studies viz., infrared and ESR spectra of these glasses have been carried out as a function of molybdenum ion concentration. The analysis suggests that the molybdenum ions exist in Mo5+ state with Mo(V)O3- complexes that act as modifiers in addition to Mo6+ state with MoO4 and MoO6 structural groups in these glasses.

Keywords: Lead, Scandium, phosphate glasses, Molybdenum ion, infrared spectra and ESR spectra.

Paper Title

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS IN OUR DAILY LIFE

Introduction

In the recent years, bio-based and biodegradable products have raised great interest since sustainable development policies tend to expand with the decreasing reserve of fossil fuel and the growing concern for the environment. These polymers bring a significant contribution to the sustainable development in view of the wider range of disposal options with minor environmental impact. We make an attempt to discuss the significance of biodegradable polymers in this paper.

Keywords: biodegradable materials-classification- trade names-uses.

Paper Title

EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON BINARY COMPLEXES OF L-ASPARTIC ACID WITH FEW BIVALENT METAL IONS

Introduction

Chemical Speciation of Binary Complexes of L-Aspartic acid with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) was investigated pH metrically in varying concentrations (0-2.5% w/v) of the neutral surfactant (TX-100)–water mixtures at an ionic strength of 0.16 mole dm-3 (NaNO3) and temperature 303 K. The predominant complexes detected for these metal ions are ML, MLH, ML2H, ML2H2 and ML2. The trend in the variation of stability constants of the complexes with changing dielectric constant as well as composition of the medium was explained on the basis of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces.

Keywords: Binary complexes, chemical speciation, stability constants, L-Aspartic acid, Triton X-100, MINIQUAD75

Paper Title

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING KANGAROO MOTHER CARE AMONG POST NATAL MOTHERS HAVING LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES ADMITTED IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL AT JHUNJHUNU [RAJASTHAN]

Introduction

Introduction: Kangaroo Mother Care is a natural way of caring of newborns especially premature and low birth Weight baby. It is proved that the newborn thrives best in its original “right place” on its be and for prospective mother‟s and explains why Kangaroo mother care works.
Methods: A pre-experimental study was adopted for the present study. A structured Knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist on „Kangaroo Mother Care among postnatal mothers having low birth babies‟ was developed to collect the data. Thestudy was conducted in government hospital at Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan. One eighty postnatal mothers were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Collected data was analyzed and interpreted with help descriptive statistics and inferential analysis.
Result: The mean difference between pretest and posttest knowledge was 30 and the „t‟ value was 48.36 and it was found to be highly significant at the level of p<0.05, whereas the mean difference between pretest an posttest practice was 27 and the „t‟ value was 47.0 and it was found to be highly significant at the level of p<0.05. Significant relation was found between pretest knowledge and practice scores with r value of 0.09 at p<0.05. Conclusion: The present study was taken up in an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and practice of kangaroo mother care among postnatal mothers having low birth babies. STP was effective as denoted by t-value of 48.36 in knowledge scores and 47.0 in practice scores at P<0.05. Keywords: Kangaroo mother care, Preterm and low birth weight.