Paper Title

TOPOLOGICAL BAND STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION USING CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SPACE GROUPS

Abstract

The interplay between symmetry and topology leads to a rich variety of electronic topological phases, protecting states such as the topological insulators and Dirac semimetals. The algorithm applies to crystals without time-reversal, particle-hole, chiral, or any other anticommuting or anti-unitary symmetries. Using a straight forward counting procedure, we classify all allowed topological phases of spinless particles in crystals in class A. The properties of electrons in magnetically ordered crystals are of interest both from the viewpoint of realizing novel topological phases, such as magnetic Weyl semimetals, and from the application perspective of creating energy-efficient memories. Employing this classification, we study transitions between topological phases within class A that are driven by band inversions at high-symmetry points in the first Brillouin zone. We compute constraints on electron fillings and band connectivity compatible with insulating behavior. In addition, by contrasting with atomic insulators, we identify band topology entailed by the symmetry transformation of bands, as determined. This is achieved by first developing an efficient way to represent band structures in terms of elementary basis states, and then isolating the topological ones by removing the subset of atomic insulators, defined by the existence of localized symmetric Wannier functions. .
KEYWORDS : Band structures, symmetry and topology, energy-efficient, electronic topological phases, high-symmetry points, atomic insulators

Paper Title

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PHOTOCATALYTIC EFFICIENCY OF ZNO-BASED NANOMATERIALS FOR WATER PURIFICATION

Abstract

The rapid increase in environmental pollution caused by industrial effluents and organic contaminants necessitates the development of efficient and sustainable remediation strategies. In this study, novel ZnO-based nanomaterials were synthesized and systematically characterized to explore their structural, morphological, optical, and surface properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to confirm the crystalline structure, particle size distribution, surface morphology, and chemical functionalities of the prepared nanomaterials. Optical properties were examined using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis to evaluate the band gap and electron–hole recombination behavior. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO nanomaterials was assessed under UV and visible light irradiation using model organic pollutants such as methylene blue and rhodamine B. The results demonstrated enhanced degradation efficiency, attributed to improved charge separation, high surface area, and synergistic effects of surface modifications and dopants.
KEYWORDS : ZnO-based nanomaterials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), crystalline structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Paper Title

EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL-BASED FORMULATIONS FOR ENHANCED DIABETIC WOUND REPAIR

Abstract

Diabetic wounds remain a major clinical challenge due to impaired angiogenesis, prolonged inflammation, oxidative stress, and delayed collagen deposition. Conventional therapies often provide limited outcomes, prompting the exploration of phytochemicals bioactive plant-derived compounds with proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and tissue-regenerative properties as alternative or adjunctive therapies. This study presents a comparative evaluation of different phytochemical formulations in diabetic wound healing. Standardized formulations rich in flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids were assessed for their wound-healing efficacy in terms of wound contraction, epithelialization rate, collagen synthesis, tensile strength, oxidative stress modulation, inflammatory cytokine regulation, and angiogenic activity. Findings indicate that all phytochemical formulations enhanced healing compared to untreated diabetic controls. Flavonoid-rich formulations exhibited superior antioxidant activity and collagen deposition, terpenoid-rich preparations significantly promoted angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation, while alkaloid-based formulations showed moderate antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory benefits. Overall, flavonoid-based therapy emerged as the most effective single formulation, though combined phytochemical approaches may provide synergistic advantages. The results highlight the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals as safe and affordable interventions for diabetic wound management, warranting further clinical validation.
KEYWORDS : Phytochemical formulations, diabetic wound management, wound contraction, antioxidant activity