Paper Title
A REVIEW ON SPECIAL MATERIALS AND ITS PROPERTIES USED IN FORGING PROCESS WITH REFERENCE TO DIE MAKING MATERIALS
Abstract
In modern times, industrial forging is done either with presses or with hammers powered by compressed air, electricity, hydraulics or steam. Forging process produces parts of superior mechanical properties with minimum waste of material. In this process, the starting material has a relatively simple geometry; this material is plastically deformed in one or more operations into a product of relatively complex configuration. Materials used in “High-Tec” applications, usually designed for maximum performance, and normally expensive. Forging is carried out at a temperature above the re-crystallization temperature of the metal. The re-crystallization temperature is defined as the temperature at which the new grains are formed in the metal. This kind of extreme heat is necessary in avoiding strain hardening of the metal during deformation. The steels used for hot forming is a special type of tool steel, made to withstand a combination of heat, pressure and abrasion and has been classified hot-work tool steel, AISI type H. All hot-work tool steels are used in a quenched and tempered condition. The most essential properties for these types of steels are high levels of hot strength, ductility, toughness, thermal conductivity, creep strength, temper resistance and also low thermal expansion. Steels that need to maintain its properties at high temperatures, e.g. hot-work tool steels, require having an increased temper resistance so that an appropriate strength can be achieved after tempering at 550 /650 °C.
Keywords Tool steels for forging, tool properties, die making applications.